Question

Karate (空手道) is thought to have appeared in the Ryukyu Kingdom firstly as a form of self-defence at a time when weapons (武器) were banned. It began as a fighting style used by the natives of the Ryukyu Islands and was later influenced by Kenpo (quan fa) after business relationships between China and the islands were developed. Very little is known of the origins of karate before it appeared in the Ryukyu Islands, but one popular theory states that it came from India over a thousand years ago and developed from a style of temple boxing based on exercises designed to strengthen the mind and body. However, the truthfulness of this story is questioned.

Now karate has become a popular and beloved sport. The World Karate Federation (WFK) has developed a system of common rules and regulations. In 1994 karate became an official event for the first time in the 12th Asian games in Hiroshima in Japan. On September 28, 2015, karate was featured on a shortlist along with baseball and softball, skateboarding, surfing, and rock climbing to be considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics. On June 1, 2016, the International Olympic Committee announced they were supporting the inclusion of all five sports in the 2020 Games.

Karate was developed for the purpose of protecting oneself with one’s bare hands. Therefore, practitioners of karate use their whole body to block the attacker’s strike. The basic philosophy of karate is that “karate is ultimately (最终) for self-defence”. This is reflected in karate’s unique teaching of “never strike first”, with which practitioners guide themselves.

Karate World Championships are held under a weight class system including five divisions for both men and women. Competitors choose which kata (招数) they will show from about 75 types. They are required to show a different kata for each match, including the final. Competitors are judged on the speed and power, and are also required to show their understanding of the meaning or principle carried by the kata they demonstrate (展示).

Under conventional competition rules, one competitor is assigned (指定) a blue belt and the other a red belt and each takes turns showing his or her kata. The outcome of the competition is determined under a flag system, where five judges, who each has a blue flag and a red flag, raise either to signal which competitor, they believe, wins: the one with more flags is declared the winner. However, to provide more clarity (透明) regarding the judges’ views, discussions on applying a scoring system where victory or defeat is determined by adding up the points that each judge gives each competitor are being held for the Tokyo 2020 Games.

1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A. The origins of karate have been made clear.

B. Karate was used to strengthen the mind and body at first.

C. It is believed karate dates back over one thousand years.

D. Chinese Kung fu played a role in the development of karate.

2.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. Modern karate.

B. Karate’s popularity.

C. Common rules of karate.

D. Karate as an Olympic event.

3.In Karate World Championships, competitors should ________.

A. select a different kata in each match

B. keep the spirit of self-defence in mind

C. show 75 kinds of katas to judges at first

D. choose the hardest level of karate in the final

4.According to the last paragraph, in the Tokyo 2020 Games ________.

A. the flag system will continue playing an important role

B. competition results will become much fairer

C. judges’ views will become less important

D. a scoring system may be used

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.A

4.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了奥运会候选的格斗搏击项目——起源于琉球王国的空手道的历史及其现代的发展。

1.推理判断题。根据第一段It began as a fighting style used by the natives of the Ryukyu Islands and was later influenced by Kenpo (quan fa) after business relationships between China and the islands were developed.得知，中国功夫影响空手道的发展。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段Now karate has become a popular and beloved sport. The World Karate Federation (WFK) has developed a system of common rules and regulations. In 1994 karate became an official event for the first time in the 12th Asian games in Hiroshima in Japan.得知，本段讲述的是现代空手道的发展。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据第四段Competitors choose which kata (招数) they will show from about 75 types. They are required to show a different kata for each match, including the final.得知，在空手道世界冠军赛中竞争者要在每次比赛时展现一种不同的招数。故选A。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段to provide more clarity (透明) regarding the judges’ views, discussions on applying a scoring system where victory or defeat is determined by adding up the points that each judge gives each competitor are being held for the Tokyo 2020 Games.得知，为了提供更加透明的裁判意见，2020年东京奥运会跆拳道比赛中将实行新的记分制度。故选D。