Question

Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution?

Very small pieces of plastic, called microfibers, are polluting rivers and oceans. 1. Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial material, which is useful in keeping warm. But they contain very small plastic fibers, which may also be harming the environment when you wash them. When people wash these clothes, very small pieces go down the drain (下水道) with the wash water.

2.

Pollution caused by plastic is not new, but recent studies have shown the effect of microfibers in the environment.

Studies show very small microfibers are ending up in our waters, which may come from waste water treatment factories. A 2015 study found them in fish from California.

Microfibers，effect on food supplies.

Beyond the waterways, the researchers say microfibers may end up in soil and agricultural lands. 3. This means there is much to be learned about microfibers and the environment.

Some studies have shown that microfibers end up inside sea animals, like oysters. 4. Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish, but it needs more study.

Steps to save or keep microfibers from the environment.

Until more information becomes known, there are steps to take to reduce the amount of microfibers in the environment.

People should use less of the artificial materials. If we already have those in our lives and we’re using them, an important step would be washing them less.

5. A bag is being designed in which to wash these clothes. It traps the microfibers in the bag and it may be available for purchase soon.

A. New technology may also help.

B. Studies on how much of the microfibers is released.

C. The source of these microfibers may surprise you: your clothes.

D. Washing machines keep microfibers from escaping with wash water.

E. Studies on microfibers in the environment.

F. They can also move around the atmosphere.

G. So if these microfibers have been found in fish and seafood, are they safe to eat?

Answer

1.C

2.E

3.F

4.G

5.A

【解析】文章讲述了衣服上的微纤维可能会造成环境污染，这些微纤维不仅存在于水流中，它们也能随着大气移动，最终停留在土壤中。

1.句意：这些纤维的来源可能会让你大吃一惊：你的衣服。根据下文“Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial material, which is useful in keeping warm. But they contain very small plastic fibers, which may also be harming the environment when you wash them.” 户外活动和运动穿的衣服通常是由人工材料制成的，这对保暖很有用。但它们含有非常小的塑料纤维，当你清洗它们的时候，它们也会对环境造成伤害。故选C。

2.句意：环境中微纤维的研究。根据下文“Pollution caused by plastic is not new, but recent studies have shown the effect of microfibers in the environment.”塑料不再是新的污染源，最近的研究显示微纤维对环境造成的影响。故选E。

3.句意：他们也可以在大气中移动。根据上文“Beyond the waterways, the researchers say microfibers may end up in soil and agricultural lands.” 除了水路，研究人员说，超细纤维可能最终停留在土壤和农业用地。故选F。

4.句意：如果这些微纤维出现在鱼和海鲜中，吃起来还安全吗？根据下文“Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish, but it needs more study.” 究人员说，纤维往往不会进入鱼的组织，但它需要更多的研究。故选G。

5.句意：新技术可能会有帮助。根据下文“A bag is being designed in which to wash these clothes.”将会设计一个袋子来洗这些衣服。故选A。

【名师点睛】该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。根据这些，我们总结出以下方法：1、先看选项。跟完形填空不一样，七选五的答案选项较少，并且给出的都是句子，因此，我们可以通过句子的完整性或者句子后面的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置。另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。

2、再看空前空后。由于七选五空出的是整个句子，而这些句子与句子之间，必然有一种联系，因此我们可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。

3、注意代词或定冠词。在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从选项中找这类句型就可以了。

4、注意一些特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。

5、注意一些连词。如一些表示转折的连词，but，However，yet，though，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表示并列关系的连词如and，also，aswellas，neithernor，eitheror，notonly...butalso，ononehand....ontheotherhand等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。