Question

My grandmother often said to me, “You can count the number of your true friends on the fingers of one hand.” For a long time I thought this was true. However, I’ve now discovered my grandmother was only half right. Maybe we do only make a few best friends in our lifetime, but those aren’t the only people that we can call friends. There are many different types. Let me tell you about a few of them.

One type of friends is the type I call the “football mom friend”. My neighbor Sally is a good example. We both have kids who play football in a football club, and someone has to take them to practice and pick them up. Sally and I and two other mothers take turns to do this. We meet sometimes and have tea and talk about what our kids are doing, but those are the only times that we meet each other. I enjoy being with these women, but we don’t do anything else together.

Another type is called the “hobby friend”. That’s the person you share an interest or a hobby with. Michael and Cater, who are brothers, are a good example of this type. We’re all in a bird watching club. Every few weekends the members of the club go on a trip to watch different kinds of birds. There’s nothing romantic about my relationship with Michael and Cater, of course. We just share interest in birds.

Then there’s the “other half of the couple” type of friends. Jim is married to Rose, a friend that I’ve known since college. When Rose married Jim, I realized that I would have to be Jim’s friend if I want to continue to be Rose’s. Jim and I don’t share so many interests, but we do have a friendly relationship.

1.What does the first paragraph tell us about?

A. We should make new friends.

B. We need true friends in our lifetime.

C. We must be friendly to all our friends.

D. We have rarely best friends in our lifetime.

2.Who is the writer’s true friend according to this passage?

A. Sally.    B. Rose.

C. Jim.    D. Michael.

3.What can we learn from the text?

A. The writer herself sometimes takes her kid to the football club.

B. Michael and Cater both fall in love with the writer.

C. Finally the writer agrees with her grandmother.

D. Sally and the writer are close friends.

4.From the last paragraph we learn that       .

A. the writer made friends with Jim only because of Rose

B. Jim was the writer’s good friend at college

C. Rose didn’t want the writer to be a friend of her husband

D. the writer made friends with Rose because of Jim

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.A

【解析】本文讲述的是除了我们认为的好朋友之外的三种不同类型的朋友。

1. 推理判断题。根据第一段2,3,4行For a long time I thought this was true. However, I’ve now discovered my grandmother was only half right. Maybe we do only make a few “best” friends in our lifetime, but those aren’t the only people that we can call friends.可知，在我们的一生中真正能称为我们的好朋友的人是很少的。故选D.

2.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一行Then there’s the “other half of the couple” type of friends. Jim is married to Rose, a friend that I’ve known since college.可知，JIM和Rose结婚了，而Rose是我从大学开始以来的好朋友，所以我知道要维持和Rose的友谊，必修要和Jim做朋友了。可知作者认为Rose是她真正的好朋友。故选B.

3.推理判断题。根据文章第2段前3行We both have kids who play football in a football club, and someone has to take them to practice and pick them up. Sally and I and two other mothers take turns to do this.可知，他们的孩子都参加了足球俱乐部，她们要经常带孩子去踢球，再去接他们回来。她们几个母亲轮流做这件事情，作者有时也要接孩子们的。故选A.

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段When Rose married Jim, I realized that I would have to be Jim’s friend if I want to continue to be Rose’s. Jim and I don’t share so many interests, but we do have a friendly relationship.可知，作者把Jim当成朋友，完全是因为Rose的原因。故选A.

【名师点睛】

推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。推理判断题常常可以分为如下几类：（1）细节推断。如时间、地点、人物关系等；（2）逻辑推断。根据已知的结果推断导致结果产生的可能原因；（3）目的、意图、态度推断。根据文章的论述，推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度；（4）预测想象推断。文章没有明确说明，要求根据语篇对文章可能涉及的内容进行预测判断。

A推理判断主要的设题方式有：

（1）It can be inferred from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（2）It can be learned from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（3）It can be concluded from the passage (or the last paragraph) that…

（4）It implies that…

（5）Where would you most probably find this passage?

（6）What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?

B推理判断主要的解题策略有：

（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。

（2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1）表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；2）表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。

（3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。

（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

如小题2，这篇短文里没有提到作者经常带孩子去踢球，但是文中提到Sally and I and two other mothers take turns to do this.可知，她们几个母亲轮流做这件事情，推知，作者有时也要接孩子们的。