Question

There are energy savings to be made from all recyclable materials, sometimes huge savings. Recycling plastics and aluminum, for instance, uses only 5% to 10% as much energy as producing new plastic or smelting (提炼)aluminum.

Long before most of us even noticed what we now call “the environment,” Buckminster Fuller said, “Pollution is nothing but the resources(资源)we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value.” To take one example, let’s compare the throwaway economy(经济)with a recycling economy as we feed a cat for life.

Say your cat weight 5kg and eats one can of food each day. Each empty can of its food weighs 40g. In a throwaway economy, you would throw away 5,475 cans over the car’s 15-year lifetime. That’s 219kg of steel-more tan a fifth of a ton and more than 40 times the cat’s weight.

In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we’d have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime-and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat.

Instead of using up 219kg of steel, we’ve use only 6kg. And because the process of recycling steel is less polluting than making new steel, we’ve also achieved the following significant savings; in energy use-47% to 74%; in air pollution—85%; in water pollution—35%; in water use—40%.

1.What does Buckminster Fuller say about pollution?

A. It is becoming more serious    B. It destroys the environment

C. It benefits the economy    D. It is the resources yet to be used

2.How many cans will be used up in a cat’s 15-year lifetime in a recycling economy?

A. 50.    B. 100.

C. 150    D. 250

3.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To promote the idea of recycling    B. To introduce an environmentalist

C. To discuss the causes of pollution    D. To defend the throwaway economy.

【推理关系】题干What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?☞文章内容In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans

Answer

In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans ☞A选项To promote the idea of recycling

【解析】本文首段点明主旨：回收利用可大大节约资源，并引用伟大建筑师富勒的话和养猫喂食的例子肯定循环经济的价值所在。

1.事实细节题。根据第二段Buckminster Fuller的话：Pollution is nothing but the resources we are not harvesting. We allow them to be left around because we’ve been ignorant of their value. 可知，他认为污染只不过是我们没有收获的资源。由于我们对它们的价值一无所知，因此让它们白白浪费。故选D。

2.事实细节题。根据第四段But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime 可以推断出，循环经济下，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。

3.写作目的题。文章通过养猫喂食的例子，用数字对比了循环经济和一次性经济消耗资源的不同结果，目的是推广回收利用的理念。故选A。

【名师点睛】

推理判断主要的解题策略有：

（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 通常作者的写作目的有以下三种：1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑），常见于故事类的文章。2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）常见于广告类的文章。3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章。高考阅读试题设计到各类文章，而以议论文为主，文章的主题句、核心句往往会直接或间接地表明作者的态度立场；阅读理解中也有说明文、描述文。前者因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者的态度也往往采取中立。而后者因为其文章观点往往不直接提出，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，阅读时要善于根据文章的文体来学会推断作者的情感态度和目的。

（2）根据用词风格，推断情感态度。一篇好的文章，其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语，捕捉那些烘托气氛，渲染情感的词句，进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向，是支持、反对抑或中立？对于选项而言，要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词，以此对照全文。如：1）表示褒义的词语：positive赞成的，supporting支持的，praising赞扬的，optimistic乐观的，admiring羡慕的，enthusiastic热情的等；2）表示中性的词语：uninterested无兴趣的，不感兴趣的； neutral中立的；impersonal不带个人感情的；subjective主观的；objective客观的等；3）表示贬义的词语：disgusted感到恶心的，厌恶的；critical批评的；negative 否定的，反对的；suspicious怀疑的；tolerant容忍的，忍让的；worried 担忧的等。

（3）根据写作思路，推断段落发展。不同的文体，写作思路和写作手法也不尽相同。做题时，要善于体会作者的写作思路，揣摩作者的谋篇布局，从宏观上左右文章的结构框架；同时，还要把握作者行文时所运用的修辞手段，如对比、举例、下定义等。通过梳理写作思路，明晰写作手法，即可对文章的发展作出比较科学合理的推断和预测。

（4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。

3.A【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的（1）根据不同文体，推断目的意图。答案需要从文章的In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans. Since almost 3% of the metal is lost during reprocessing, we’d have to make an extra 10 cans each year. But in all, only 150 cans will be used up over the cat’s lifetime-and we’ll still have 100 left over for the next cat.进行推断。

【答案定位】根据第三段的In a recycling economy, we would make one set of 100 cans to start with, then replace them over and over again with recycled cans.可知作者在文中通过养猫喂食的例子，用数字对比了循环经济和一次性经济消耗资源的不同结果，目的是推广回收利用的理念。