Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.
Ethos is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.
Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make the viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money.
Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.
Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.
1.What is the purpose of persuasion?
A. To advise somebody to support you.
B. To help someone have special skill
C. To convince somebody to realize his aim.
D. To talk someone into being honest.
2.What is a speaker’s way of convincing the audience to trust him?
A. Pathos. B. Ethos.
C. Logos. D. Education.
3.What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?
A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt.
B. Both save people from terrible wars.
C. Both make the audience support them.
D. Both persuade people to donate money.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Convince the Audience
B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion
C. Believe Me
D. Strength of Persuasion
I have forgotten the name of an old lady in my home town when I was a twelve-year-old boy. Yet it dwells in my memory that she taught me a lesson in forgiveness that I shall never forget.
On a winter afternoon, a friend and I were throwing stones onto the roof of the old lady’s house. As a result, the stone headed straight for a small window. We knew we were in trouble. We ran faster off her roof.
I was too scared about getting caught to be concerned about the old lady with the broken window in winter. However, a few days later, I started to feel guilty for her misfortune. She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the paper, but I was no longer able to act comfortably.
I made up my mind to save my paper delivery money. In three weeks I had the seven dollars and put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would cover the cost for repairing it. After that, I walked up to the old lady’s house secretly, and put the letter I didn’t sign through the letter hole. My soul felt relieved and I could have the freedom of, once again, looking straight into the old lady’s kind eyes.
The next day, I handed the old lady her paper and she thanked me for the paper, giving me a bag of cookies she had made herself. I thanked her and continued to eat the cookies while walking.
After several cookies, I felt an envelope and pulled it out of the bag. When I opened the envelope, I was shocked. Inside were the seven dollars and a short note that said, “I’m proud of you.”
1.What does the underlined word “dwell” refer to?
A. Appear. B. Change.
C. Happen. D. Exist.
2.What happened when the author and his friend were throwing stones?
A. The roof of the old lady’s house was broken.
B. The stone broke a small window of the old lady’s.
C. The old lady broke into her house secretly.
D. The old lady gave him a bag of cookies.
3.How did the author feel about his breaking the old lady’s window?
A. Lucky. B. Discouraging.
C. Regretful. D. Annoyed.
Four Wild Animal Species Were Endangered
Maybe you can still see them at the zoo. But that doesn’t mean they’re doing alright in the wild.
Tigers
All six tiger species are endangered, with Suatran tigers and South China tigers at a seriously endangered status. The main reasons for their population decline are illegal hunting and destroyed habitats, as humans clear forests to gather timber and build roadways. Only about 3890 tigers presently live in the wild.
Ground squirrels
That’s right, even squirrels are endangered, specifically the San Joaquin ground squirrel. Native to California, USA, these guys have been disappearing since 1979 on account of the construction and human developments going through their habitat. Their total population is unknown, but it could be anywhere between 124000 and 4130000.
Giraffes
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature recently put giraffes at a vulnerable status, the level just before endangered. The giraffe population has declined 40 percent in the last 30 years, primarily due to loss of habitat and illegal hunting. Some giraffes are killed just for their tails, which are considered status symbols in Africa.
Asian elephants
The main threat to Asian elephants, one of the most intelligent animals, is their shrinking habitat. As the human population grows, people invade their land to build roads and railway tracks. Elephants in Myanmar are at an especially high risk for being captured and traded or used illegally in the tourist industry. Fewer than 50000 are left on the entire continent.
1.Why is the population of tigers becoming smaller?
A. People hunt illegally and destroy their living spots.
B. It is difficult for tigers to fit in with their environment.
C. The forests are not suitable for their living.
D. The tigers are a threat to the residents nearby.
2.What’s the main reason why some animals are in danger according to the passage?
A. Climate changes. B. Human activities.
C. Lack of food. D. Serious pollution.
3.The tails of are regarded as status symbols in Africa.
A. tigers’ B. ground squirrels’
C. giraffes’ D. Asian elephants’
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A. The giraffe population has increased greatly in the last 30 years.
B. The number of squirrels is between 124000 and 4130000.
C. Elephants in Myanmar are completely caught and even killed.
D. The present situation of endangered animals is worrying.
假定你是李华，想在毕业实习期间去一家出版社做兼职英语编辑。请你用英文给该出版社的英语主编写封信。要点如下：
1.写信目的；
2.自我简介；
3.表达愿望。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Chief Editor，
I learned that your press is looking for a part-time English editor.____________________________________
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Thanks for reading my letter and I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It's unbelievable when I heard my name calling.I was chosen to play the leading role in the play,and it was my dream.I used to being too shy to speak in a public.But my parents and teachers always encourage me to do so.Now I have changed great.In class,I am often the first one to stand up and answer questions ever if I may make much mistakes.No pains,no gains.Now I am always brave enough to overcome the difficulty in her heart,and have became a lively girl.My experience shows that we should not be afraid losing face,and only in this way can we make progresses.
I am sorry to hear that you are worried about the variety of English you have been learning.
Firstly,the differences between British and American English may surprise those1.have learned English for years.There2.(be) almost no differences in grammar and only a few differences in vocabulary.British and American people have no difficulty3.(understand) each other.They watch films and televisions from each other's countries for4.(please).
Secondly,there isn't only one British5.American English.For example,all major cities in the UK have6. (they) own dialects with different accents from each other.Sometimes these accents can be7.(hard) to understand for even a British person than some Americans.Also,there are Englishes from many other countries.People who speak these Englishes usually also manage8.(communicate) with other English speakers without any problems.
All learners need to be able to understand English spoken and written by as many people as possible and they need to be able to speak English so that as many people as possible can understand them.You should concentrate on this goal,not on9.to speak “British” or “American” English.
I hope this is10.(help).
