When someone is happy, can you smell it?
You can usually tell when someone is happy based on seeing them smile, hearing them laugh or perhaps from receiving a big hug. But can you also smell their happiness? Surprising new research suggests that happiness does indeed have a scent, and that the experience of happiness can be transmitted through smell, reports Phys.org.
For the study, 12 young men were shown videos meant to bring about a variety of emotions while researchers gathered sweat samples from them. All of the men were healthy and none of them were drug users or smokers, and all were asked to abstain from drinking or eating smelly foods during the study period.
Those sweat samples were then given to 36 equally healthy young women to smell, while researchers monitored their reactions. Only women were selected to smell the samples, apparently because previous research has shown that women have a better sense of smell than men and are also more sensitive to emotional signaling—though it's unclear why only men were chosen to produce the scents.
Researchers found that the behavior of the women after smelling the scents—particularly their facial expressions—indicated a relationship between the emotional states of the men who produced the sweat and the women who sniffed them.
“Human sweat produced when a person is happy brings about a state similar to happiness in somebody who breathes this smell,” said study co-author Gun Semin, a professor at Koc University in Turkey.
This is a fascinating finding because it not only means that happiness does have a scent, but that the scent is capable of transmitting the emotion to others. The study also found that other emotions, such as fear, seem to carry a scent too. This ensures previous research suggesting that some negative emotions have a smell, but it is the first time this has proved to be true of positive feelings.
Researchers have yet to isolate(分离) exactly what the chemical compound for the happiness smell is, but you might imagine what the potential applications for such a finding could be. Happiness perfumes, for instance, could be invented. Scent therapies（香味疗法）could also be developed to help people through depression or anxiety.
Perhaps the most surprising result of the study, however, is our broadened understanding of how emotions get communicated, and also how our own emotions are potentially managed through our social context and the emotional states of those around us.
1.What is the main finding of the new research?
A. Pleasant feelings can be smelt out.
B. Negative emotions have a smell.
C. Men produce more sweats.
D. Women have a better sense of smell.
2.The underlined part “abstain from” in Paragraph 3 probably means _________.
A. continue B. practice C. avoid D. try
3.What is the application value of the new research?
A. Perfumes could help people understand each other.
B. Some smells could be created to improve our appearance.
C. Perfumes could be produced to cure physical diseases.
D. Some smells could be developed to better our mood.
4. We can learn from the last paragraph that .
A. happiness comes from a scent of sweat
B. social surroundings can influence our emotions
C. people need more emotional communication
D. positive energy can deepen understanding
How can we reduce the risk?
There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurring - often an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.
Removing the Threat
Clearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures, for example, building protective works such as walls to make lava(熔岩) flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale eruption.
Planning for the Future
Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(葱郁的)，rolling land of a quiet volcano.
Disaster Preparedness
When a volcano comes to life, a few weeks may not be enough time to avoid a tragedy. Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur, people must be educated about volcanic dangers. Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media, and the general public should be practiced. Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.
If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope(斜坡), 21,000 people--90 percent of the town’s people--died.
1.The passage is intended for ________.
A. the general public B. architects
C. adventurers D. geographers
2.When building houses, people tend to ________.
A. judge volcanic dangers carefully
B. take volcanic dangers seriously
C. live near a quiet volcano
D. find a safer place far away from a volcano
3.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove ________.
A. The failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening
B. The importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption
C. The bravery of the people in Armero Town
D. The uncertainty of volcano’s damage
请你写一篇文章，介绍我校为学生创立的校刊 “Xinghai Stones”，并谈谈自己的感想。内容包括：
1.开设目的：缓解压力，确保健康。
2.校刊优势：专业的心理指导 。
3.校刊内容：专业的建议，学生的心声, 你的感想。
注意：1.字数100 左右。
2.开头已给，不计入总数。
Our school has set up a school magazine called “Xinghai Stones” for us students.
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线〔\〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday our club held an English speech contest, which theme was “Challenge Myself”. A large number of students attended to the contest and showed their wonderful performances. In the stage, though face great pressure, the speakers bravely overcame it and challenged them to achieve great success. Moreover, they impressed us deep with their unusual confidences and performances.
Through such activity, we know a lot more about our students but we have gained much, such as self-confidence and bravery. Besides, our club was growing stronger.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式(不超过3个单词)。
Once a group of 50 people was attending a seminar. Halfway 1. his talk, the speaker stopped and decided 2.(create) a group activity. He went around the hall and gave each person a balloon. Each one was asked to write his or her name on the balloon3.(use) a marker pen. Then all the balloons 4.(collect) and put in another room.
The speaker then led the group to the room full of balloons and asked them to find the balloon that had their name 5. (write) on within five minutes. Everyone was 6. (hurry) searching for their name, bumping into each other, pushing each other around. It was chaos. At the end of the five minutes no one could find their own balloon.
Now each person was asked to randomly collect 7. balloon and give it to the person whose name was on it. Within two minutes everyone had their own balloon. When everyone quieted down, the speaker began to talk, saying that this is exactly 8.was happening in our lives.
We may like to think of 9.(us) more important than others, but our happiness sometimes lies in the happiness of other people. Give them their happiness 10. you will get your own happiness.
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑
Value Now No Longer Missed
John, a famous musician, took his priceless antique zither(齐特琴)and played it in the crowded subway station. The music emanating from the zither was delicately streaming the whole station. However, during the one-hour play, only six or seven people were truly the charming music. John only got 52 dollars for his work that day.
However, in normal days, when John is about to hold a , one ticket can be sold at more than 100 dollars and it is extremely to buy a ticket even at such a high price. Therefore, later, many passers-by in the station that day felt deeply for not recognizing the famous musician and missing such a valuable but music feast.
I have a very friend who had totally changed after knowing that his wife an acute illness. He cooked by himself for the family and took a walk with his wife every day. Nonetheless, his wife still did not manage to the illness and passed away after three months. After that, he often sighed that due to his past busy life, he had missed a lot of beautiful time with his wife. But now, it is to make up for it.
It is no use crying over spilt milk. We have a lot of precious things in our life without knowing how to them. Actually, I also missed something before. The reason is simple: we had thought that we could still own them tomorrow.
Nevertheless, tomorrow is actually reliable. There was a famous Buddhist monk saying that in many people’s lives, they have only done two things: waiting and . The result is that they were always too late to cherish they had before they lost it. We would often claim to do something when we , or when we have money or when we become old, etc. However, when we reach the , we could no longer realize our , because we have lost it by then.
1.A. beforeB. throughoutC. aboveD. for
2.A. appreciating B. listeningC. creating D. discussing
3.A. meetingB. partyC. debateD. concert
4.A. easyB. convenientC. possibleD. difficult
5.A. excitedB. disappointedC. regretfulD. worried
6.A. specialB. cheapC. deliciousD. wonderful
7.A. lazyB. socialC. busyD. optimistic
8.A. put up withB. came down withC. came up withD. end up with
9.A. cureB. diagnoseC. attackD. conquer
10.A. miserably B. helplessly C. deliberatelyD. slightly
11.A. necessaryB. absoluteC. impossibleD. beneficial
12.A. missedB. madeC. inventedD. contributed
13.A. valueB. applyC. conserveD. convey
14.A. importantB. preciousC. positiveD. negative
15.A. to some degreeB. on the wayC. at all timesD. by no means
16.A. regrettingB. rewardingC. demandingD. expecting
17.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when
18.A. get upB. set upC. grow upD. make up
19.A. goalB. conditionC. agreementD. destination
20.A. dangerB. mistakeC. purposeD. wish
