阅读理解。
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart. They will in a lifetime, push the chromeplated_contraptions many miles. But few will know — or even think to ask — who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman's first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn't wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren't using his carts. “Don't you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket？” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn't beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假的) customers.
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come — those who came bought more. With larger easiertohandle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.
Today's shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman's original model. Perhaps that's one reason why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937 — the coming of the shopping cart.
1.What do the underlined words “chromeplated contraptions” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．Baskets. B．Private cars.
C．Suitcases. D．Shopping carts.
2.What was the purpose of Goldman's invention?
A．It was to prove him to be a good inventor.
B．It was to reduce the burden of his employees' work.
C．It was to make shopping easier and attract more business.
D．It was to help the disabled make shopping easily in his market.
3.Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market in order to ________.
A．attract people to buy things in his market
B．encourage people to use his shopping carts
C．make his market different from the others
D．keep the groceries from being stolen
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Goldman will become very famous because of his invention.
B．Goldman's invention will be regarded as the greatest one in the world.
C．Supermarket business has benefited a lot from Goldman's invention.
D．There will be nothing that can replace Goldman's invention.
阅读理解。
Chinese female scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine on October 5 for her discoveries concerning a novel treatment against malaria (疟疾). This is the first Nobel Prize given to a Chinese scientist for work carried out within China.
Tu shared the prize with Irishborn William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan, who were honored for their revolutionary antiroundworm treatment. 84yearold Tu is awarded this prize for her contribution to cutting the death rate of malaria, reducing patients' suffering and promoting mankind's health. Although she received several medical awards in the past, the 2015 Nobel Prize is definitely the most privilege reward that recognizes Tu's dedication and perseverance in discovering artemisinin (青蒿素), the key drug that battles malariafriendly parasites (寄生虫).
However, her route to the honor has been anything but traditional. She won the Nobel Prize for medicine, but she doesn't have a medical degree or a PhD. In China, she is even being called the “threenoes” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she's never worked overseas. No wonder her success has stirred China's national pride and helped promote confidence of native Chinese scientists.
The fact that Tu has none of these three backgrounds reminds us that science should be more accessible to all. One shall be able to become a scientist no matter what kind of background he or she comes from, as long as one dives into scientific research. There have been discussions on people who really love science but are never able to achieve much during their whole life. Their contributions can never be ignored. They work so hard to prove the wrong way so that the future researchers will be closer to the right one.
As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award, Tu's recordbreaking winning also serves as a reminder to those who are too eager for instant success. Science is never about instant success. Tu spent decades on scientific research before its value is officially acknowledged. There is no way to measure how much one devotes to science and compare it with how much reward he or she may get.
1.We can know from the text that ________.
A．Tu worked at home and abroad to conduct her research
B．Tu got the Nobel Prize for her antiroundworm treatment
C．the Nobel Prize is the first award to recognize her work
D．her discovery of artemisinin has helped to cut malaria death rate
2.The author seems to agree that a person who is more likely to become a scientist is the one with________.
A．a sense of national pride
B．relevant academic knowledge
C．a desire to achieve success
D．enthusiasm for scientific research
3.In writing the passage, the author intends to________.
A．inform readers of the news and make comments
B．discourage the pursuit of instant success in science
C．remind readers of the principles of scientific research
D．praise the award winner and encourage scientific research
阅读七选五。
A great number of people can get injured or even killed resulting from a human stampede (蜂拥)．The bad thing is that a peaceful group of people can quickly turn into a crazy panicked crowd.1.If you are in a crowd, the most important thing is to make yourself familiar with your surroundings and mentally notice the exits. No matter where you are, make sure you always know how to get out. _2.If you are in a crowd of moving people, wet or uneven ground can be slippery or dangerous, causing you to fall.
Be aware of the general atmosphere of the event, as panic situations can often be expected. When in danger, a few seconds can make all the difference. If you find yourself in the middle of a moving crowd, do not fight against the pressure and do not stand still or sit down. 3.Take advantage of any space that may open up and try to move sideways to the crowd movement where the flow is weaker.
4.It gives you movement and protects your chest.
If you fall, get up quickly. If you fall and cannot get up, keep moving by crawling in the same direction of the crowd, or if that is not possible, then cover your head with your arms and curl up (蜷缩)．5. Sometimes, finding a right posture can save your life.
A．Make yourself aware of the type of ground you are standing on.
B．Do not lie on your stomach or back, as this dangerously exposes your lungs.
C．If you are stepped on, you should shout for help.
D．Instead, move in the same direction of the crowd.
E．Keep your hands up by your chest, like a boxer.
F．Stretch your arms to the full length so that you can make more space to move in the crowd.
G．What's worse is that the stampede can be caused while there seems no actual danger.
阅读理解。
The principles about applying for jobs have altered greatly lately. In the past, people preferred a handwritten application letter. However, nowadays it is becoming more and more common to apply for a job through the Internet. You can find information on the Internet about how to apply for jobs. Information can be found about how to fulfill your application letter, the clothes that you should wear and how to carry out the interview itself.
The importance of body language is often mentioned, but doesn't always get the attention it deserves. After all, before a word has even been spoken, your body language will have already given people their first impression of you. Additionally, your body language will also give out a lot more information. Based on your body language it can be seen if you are selfconfident. It can also show if you are a busy or a quiet type and it helps give an impression of whether you are speaking truthfully or not. Body language can show how enthusiastic you are and if you are a nice person, someone who will take his work seriously, but also someone who has a sense of humor and can enjoy a joke from time to time. The members of the application committee will ask you questions, but your answers won't only be oral. The committee will not only pay attention to what you say, but also to how you say it! Body language will determine first if it “clicks”， and sometimes all it takes is just a few seconds. Everybody uses body language, but it takes place mostly at a subconscious (下意识的) level. Using body language appropriately, you can definitely increase your chances of getting a job.
1.What kind of people is the text mainly meant for?
A．Interviewers. B．Jobhunting people.
C．Employers. D．Layoff workers.
2.We can learn from the first paragraph that________.
A．handwritten letters are not used in finding a job
B．the more expensive clothes interviewees wear, the better
C．body language is more important than spoken words
D．the Internet is of significance in applying for a job
3.Using body language well in a job interview will probably ________.
A．get rid of the interviewers' prejudice
B．determine what position one will get
C．increase the possibility to get the wanted job
D．help one remove nervousness
4.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Those using body language are usually confident.
B．Body language is often used on purpose in job hunting.
C．Body language is a mirror to reflect one's personality.
D．People enjoying jokes are preferred in a job interview.
完形填空。
It was a beautiful morning in the summer. My oldest grandson, Seth, now twelve, stood on the small dock (码头) and _______ for me to bait his hook (在鱼钩上放诱饵) with a lively worm. I _______ the worm securely to the hook.“Here you go, Seth，” I told him. “You're all set.” He cast his _______into the water. I baited my own hook 
and cast my line
into the water. We sat on the dock, enjoyed the brief relief from the heat and ________ watched any signs of a bite.
Seth reeled (往卷轴上绕起) his line in. “What are you _______？” I asked.
“There's no fish.”
“Sure there are！” I said.“They aren't hungry right now，________ they're there.”
He_______ me, pulled his bobber (浮子) and bait in and cast his line in another________. I sat and watched Seth cast. He'd wait a few minutes, reel it in and _______ again.
“Seth！”
He looked at me. “Seth! Patience! Fishing is a game of ________： You cast your bait into the water and wait.”
“Poppa, there is no _________ here.”
“Seth, fishing is a game, a very _______ one. Sometimes you win, but mostly you ________. The fish are clever. It's a waiting _______. The fish usually win. They're smart. You need to be_______.”
We went home that day emptyhanded, but I hoped he _______ a lesson from this experience.
________ is easy in life. We go through pains, struggles and dreams, but _______ we are patient, our goals will bite the hook and we can reel them in.
I'm still waiting for mine. I _______ it's out there, under the waters, searching for the hook.One day it will happen.
In the meantime, I________fishing.
1.A.looked B．worked C．cared D．waited
2.A.applied B．transformed C．fastened D．linked
3.A.line B．bucket C．stone D．bag
4.A.suddenly B．carefully C．proudly D．helplessly
5.A.discovering B．doing C．suggesting D．asking
6.A.but B．so C．or D．and
7.A.left B．followed C．ignored D．accepted
8.A.order B．time C．direction D．form
9.A.cast B．gain C．appear D．win
10.A.humour B．courage C．preparation D．patience
11.A.boat B．fish C．worm D．chance
12.A.easy B．slow C．different D．useful
13.A.succeed B．rise C．dream D．lose
14.A.game B．list C．period D．room
15.A.happier B．stronger C．smarter D．taller
16.A.offered B．taught C．learned D．began
17.A.Anything B．Nothing C．Everything D．Something
18.A.unless B．before C．although D．if
19.A.predict B．guess C．know D．doubt
20.A.keep B．imagine C．stop D．avoid
阅读理解
I passed my driving test at the fourth attempt. You might think that means I'm not as safe as someone who passed on their first attempt. But would you feel safer with no driver at all? Maybe not, and that's why automotive firms have included driverassist functions in their driverless cars. This allows the human driver to take over if there is a problem.
Google is one producer that has prototype driverless cars. These cars have been newly equipped with autosteering wheels and conventional controls to allow normal driving. But this is just a stage — the vision is to have fully automated cars very soon. The director of Google's selfdrive project, Chris Urmson, hopes his 11yearold son will never have to take a driving test. To achieve that, the cars need to be on the roads in five years. He says driverless cars will greatly reduce accidents and traffic jams.
According to Chris, about 1.2 million people are killed on the roads around the world each year. That number is equivalent to a jet falling out of the sky every day. He thinks gradual changes to existing car designs are not enough to deal with the problems. “If we are really going to make changes to our cities, get rid of parking lots, we need selfdrive cars，” he says.
Google's prototypes have covered over a million kilometers on the road. They have also had to deal with unexpected situations, such as a child driving a toy car in the road, and a woman in an electric wheelchair chasing a duck. In each case, the car reacted safely.
Some are not convinced. Sven Beiker of Stanford University thinks driverless cars will still need human input in extreme circumstances.
1.According to Paragraph 1, what is the author's chief concern about driverless cars?
A．Functions. B．Safety.
C．Price. D．Appearance.
2.Chris Urmson mentioned his 11yearold son in order to show that ________.
A．traditional cars are harmful for kids
B．his son is not good at driving
C．his son is a slow learner in driving
D．driverless cars will come soon
3.What is Chris Urmson's comment on selfdrive cars?
A．They can solve many existing problems.
B．They are safer than a jet plane.
C．They can completely change our cities.
D．They should change gradually.
4.What can we learn from the text?
A．Google's prototypes will be tested on the roads soon.
B．Selfdrive cars are not designed for children or women.
C．Concerns remain about the reliability of selfdrive cars.
D．Driving tests will be easier to pass in the near future.
