Question

Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffee. And when you’re doing your holiday shopping online, make sure you’re holding a large glass of iced tea. The physical sensation（感觉）of warmth encourages emotional warmth while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions — those are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John A. Bargh.

Psychologists have known that one person’s perception（感知）of another’s “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationships. Judging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even trumping evidence that a “cold” person may be more capable. Much of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences, Bargh argues, when babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldness. Classic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mother” carried a food bottle. Harlow’s work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skills.

Feelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universal. Although no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countries.

To test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment which involved 41 college students. A research assistant who was unaware of the study’s hypotheses（假设）, handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information form. The drink was then handed back. After that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a particular description. Those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.

“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh.

1.According to Paragraph 1, a person’s emotion may be affected by ______.

A. the visitors to his office

B. the psychology lessons he has

C. the things he has bought online

D. his physical feeling of coldness

2.The author mentions Harlow’s experiment to show that ____________.

A. adults should develop social skills

B. caregivers should be healthy adults

C. babies need warm physical contact

D. monkeys have social relationships

3.In Bargh’s experiment, the students were asked to _______________.

A. evaluate someone’s personality

B. write down their hypotheses

C. fill out a personal information form

D. hold coffee and cold drink alternatively

4.We can infer from the passage that _____________________.

A. abstract thinking does not come from physical experiences

B. physical temperature affects how we see others

C. feelings of warmth and coldness are studied worldwide

D. capable persons are often cold to others

5.What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Drinking for Better Social Relationships.

B. Experiments of Personality Evaluation.

C. Physical Sensations and Emotions.

D. Developing Better Drinking Habits.

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.A

4.B

5.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文通过John A. Bargh的实验来对物理感觉和情绪关系进行阐述，发现物理感觉可以影响情绪。

1.D 细节推断题。由第一段The physical sensation（感觉）of warmth encourages emotional warmth while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisions可知温暖的感觉可以令人感到温暖，冷饮可以使头脑醒，即情绪可以被物质感觉影响。故选D

2.C 细节推断题。由第二段babies’ conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations可知小孩对世界的感觉来自于身体知觉。故选C

3.A 细节理解题。由第四段the students were asked to rate the personality of…可知学生被要求评价某人的个性。故选A

4.B 细节推断题。由第四段those who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink.可知外界温度是可以影响人的态度的。故选B

5.C 主旨归纳题。全文在谈身体感觉与情绪的关系。故选C

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