Alcohol can damage the liver and do great harm if in Large quantities.
A. to be consumed B. to consume
C. consuming D. consumed
短文写作（共1题；满分30分）
请你根据以下提示，并结合事例，用英语写一篇短文。
Whatever the situation, the best advice is to obey the Golden Rule： treat others as you would like to be treated.
注意: ①无须写标题；
②除诗歌外，文体不限；
③内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例；
④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；
⑤词数不少于120，如引用提示语则不计入总词数。
阅读下列各小题，根据汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子，并将答案写在答题卡上的相应题号后。
1.I wonder if it is because she has got tired of doing the same work day after day ______________________ a change. (eager)
我在想是不是因为她厌倦了日复一日的工作，她才渴望做一下改变。
2.It was the first time since 1938 that Brazil______________________ a World Cup semi-final. (lose)
这是自1938年以来，巴西第一次输掉了世界杯的半决赛。
3.One of the features of London is the number of big stores, ______________________ in or near the West End. (locate)
伦敦的特征之一就是大商店的数目，这些大商店大多数位于或靠近西端。
4._____________________ should remember to turn off the light. (leave)
不论是谁最后离开房间，都应该记得去关灯。
5.I like to listen to the programs of VOA, but sometimes, especially in the daytime, they _____________________. (pick)
我喜欢听美国之音的节目，但有时候，尤其是白天，很难收听到节目。
6.Life is unpredictable; even the poorest_____________________. (become)
生活是不可预料的，即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。
7.In a way, _____________________the result shows that she has made much effort and is thirsty for success. (upset)
从某种角度看，对结果的忧虑不安表明她付出了许多努力，对成功很渴望。
8. So _____________________ work that he is awarded the best worker in his company. (bury)
他是如此专心于他的工作以致于他被誉为公司最佳员工。
9.With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth_____________________ every year. (wash)
随着更多的森林被毁坏，每年有大量的好土地正被冲走。
10.He did not come to beg me to excuse his rude manner as I hoped he would, but instead acted as if _____________________. (happen)
他没像我希望的那样来乞求我原谅他的粗鲁行为,却表现得好像什么也没发生过。
When different species of birds flock (聚集) together, their flight formations are determined by social dynamics both between and within species.
New research from the Universities of Cambridge and Exeter reveals for the first time that, contrary to current models used to explain the movement of flocks, the differences between bird species and social relationships between individuals play a critical role in determining the dynamics of mixed-species flocks.
The unified(群集) behaviour of bird flocks has puzzled scientists for hundreds of years. One naturalist from the turn of the century even suggested telepathy(心灵感应)may be involved. There have since been more logical explanations, including mathematical models that show that repeated interactions among individuals following simple rules can generate coordinated (协同的)group movements. However, these models usually rely on the assumption that individuals within groups are identical and interact independently, which may not reflect reality.
Jolle Jolles, a PhD student at the University of Cambridge's Department of Zoology and author of the paper, said：“Spectacular collective behaviour can be found in a large range of animal species, and we now know that often these complex coordinated group movements may be the result of individuals following simple rules. However, rarely are the individual characteristics and social relationships within them taken into account. Our research highlights that these striking displays of group behaviour are much more complex.”
By analysing high-resolution photographs of mixed flocks of rooks and jackdaws (both from the corvid family), the researchers found that rather than individuals interacting in a consistent fashion throughout the flock, interactions depended on social dynamics between the different species as well as relationships within a species.
The researchers discovered that birds prefer to fly close to members of their own species, and that the larger and more dominant rooks take the lead by flying near the front of flocks. Additionally, the lifelong, monogamous(一妻一夫制的)pair bonds that are characteristic of both species seem to be reflected in flight, as birds often fly particularly close to a single, same-species partner.
Dr Alex Thornton, principal investigator of the Cambridge Jackdaw Project, now at the University of Exeter and author of the paper, said: “Together, our findings demonstrate that to understand the structure of groups — such as bird flocks — we need to consider the characteristics and relationships of the individuals within them.”
1.The underlined word “generate” means ______.
A. set down B. take away
C. bring about D. give up
2.According to Jolle Jolles, what are seldom considered about coordinated group movement?
A. Individual characteristics and social relationship between them
B. Repeated interactions among individuals and social dynamics
C. Telepathy and social relationship between them
D. The structure of groups and the varieties of species
3.Birds may prefer to fly the closest to _____ .
A. the largest one B. the most dynamic one
C. the lifelong partner D. the friendly partner
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A. How birds interact in simple rules.
B. How birds of different feathers flock together.
C. Why birds show preference to flocking.
D. Why birds display the characteristics.
A man enters a store to buy milk. He walks out of the store with milk. That is all— milk. At the same time, a woman enters the same grocery store also to buy milk. She buys it. But, she also buys chicken and lemons to make dinner that night. Then she remembers to buy food for her son to eat at school. She also gets a bottle of wine for drinks with friends and a birthday card for her husband's niece. Then she gets coffee for breakfast, ice cream for dessert and remembers stamps to mail the bills. And don't forget soap for the bathroom.
And that is the difference between the female and male brains simply explained in a grocery store. Generally speaking，men do one thing at a time. Women do many. Doing many things at one time is often called “multi-tasking”, a very popular word these days.
Now scientific research supports this theory about male and female brains. A recent study has confirmed what we have known all along—men and women think differently.
Scientist at the university of Pennsylvania studied brain images of 949 people aged from 8 to 22 years old. They found that male brains have more connections on one side of the brain, or hemisphere. In female brain, they found more activity and connections between the right and left sides of the brain. The left side of the brain is known as the side of “reason” The right hemisphere is known as the “creative” side.
Regina Verma is a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She co-wrote the report. She says when women are asked to do something difficult they might use different parts of the brain. Men, she adds, generally use just one side of the brain.
As a result, men generally deal directly with a problem. There is a strong connection between the “understanding” and the “action” parts of their brains. Women, however, might include other parts of the brain, like the part connected with reason and the part connected with sensitivity when solving a problem. Women take a less direct path to find a solution.
Dr. Venma warns that the study should not lead anyone to expect some behaviors from women and others from men.
1.By describing the scene of shopping, the writer wants to ____ .
A. reveal men and women's preference of living expense
B. criticize women's wasted living expense
C. think highly of women's considerate behavior
D. illustrate men and women's different brains
2.When asked to deal with a problem, _____ .
A. men tend to take action straight
B. women tend to take action straight
C. women tend to use a single part of the brain
D. men tend to use connected parts of the brain
3.Dr. Verma's warning indicates that _____ .
A. women and men can hardly learn from each other
B. women and men can hardly cooperate well
C. women and men can hardly complete multitasks
D. women and men can hardly perform the same behavior
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A. “reason” brain or “creative” brain
B. Multi-tasking or single-tasking
C. Costly shopping or economical shopping
D. Reason or sensitivity
Older people with hearing loss may suffer faster rates of mental decline. People who have hearing trouble suffered meaningful impairments in memory, attention and learning about three years earlier than people with normal hearing, a study published online January 21 in JAMA Internal Medicine reveals.
The finding supports the idea that hearing loss can have serious consequences for the brain，says Patricia Tun of Brandeis University in Waltham，Mass., who studies aging. “I'm hoping it will be a real wake-up call in terms of realizing the importance of hearing. ”
Compared with other senses, hearing is often overlooked, Tun says. “We are made to interact with language and to listen to each other, and it can have damaging effects if we don't.”
Frank Lin of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine and colleagues tested the hearing of 1,984 older adults. Most of the participants, who averaged 77 years old, showed some hearing loss — 1,162 volunteers had trouble hearing noises of less than 25 decibels, comparable to a whisper or rustling leaves. The volunteers; deficits reflect the hearing loss in the general population: Over half of people older than 70 have trouble hearing.
Over the next six years, these participants underwent mental evaluations that measured factors such as short-term memory, attention and the ability to quickly match numbers to symbols. Everybody got worse at the tasks as time wore on, but people with hearing loss had an especially sharp decline, the team found. On average, a substantial drop in performance would come about three years earlier to people with hearing loss.
Lin cautions that the study has found an association between hearing loss and mental abilities; the researchers can't conclude that hearing loss directly causes the decline. Yet more and more studies are turning up ways that diminished hearing could damage the brain.
A person who can't hear well might avoid social situations, and isolation(孤立)is known to be bad for the brain. “You gradually become more socially withdrawn, ” Lin says. “Social isolation is a major, major factor for dementia(痴呆)and cognitive decline. ”
Other studies suggest that when people struggle to interpret and decode(译解）words, their brains divert energy away from other tasks, such as memory. Audiologist and psychologist Kathy Pichora — Fuller says that this brain drain happens to everyone, even people without hearing loss. Studies have shown that people are worse at remembering things when they're in a noisy room, for instance. People with hearing loss may be constantly diverting a large swath(—大片)of their brainpower，leaving less for other mental tasks, says Pichora— Fuller, of the University of Toronto Mississauga.
1. Mass does the research to _____ .
A. present the mental decline
B. attach importance to hearing
C. compare hearing with other senses
D. exaggerate the damaging effects
2.What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The outcome of the test.
B. The design of the test
C. The participants of the test.
D. The purpose of the test.
3.Dementia and cognitive decline mainly result from ____ .
A. social isolation B. hearing loss
C. memory loss D. speech impairment
4.The underlined word “divert” probably means _____ .
A. block B. accumulate C. shift D. change
