阅读下面的短文，在标有序号的空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Language follows power. In an increasingly globalized world, some languages become the kings in terms of trade and communication. They jump geographic boundaries, pushing smaller languages toward 1. .
According to National Geographic magazine, one language dies every 14 days. By the next century nearly half of the roughly 7,000 languages spoken on Earth are 2. to disappear as communities abandon native tongues in favor of English, Mandarin or Spanish.
This is 3. Google.org is launching a new campaign called the Endangered Languages Project. It aims to digitally record the world’s little-known tongues and the heritages to which they are central.
What kind of languages are disappearing? Languages like Arogonese, which can be found in northern Spain, for example. Spoken by fewer than 10,000 people, this language seems to 4. (disappear) within a few generations. Navajo and Ojibwa, both native to the Americans, are also close to extinction. Koro is the native language of a small population 5. in the mountains of northeast India. It’s spoken by about 4,000 people.
The Endangered Languages website will record roughly 3,500 of the world’s little-spoken tongues. “ 6. every language that dies, humans are in danger of losing an enormous cultural heritage”, writes Loek Essers on the website Computerworld.com.
“As each one disappears, an understanding of how humans relate to the world around them, as well as scientific, medical, and botanical（植物的）knowledge, are all lost, 7. is the expression of a community’s humor, love, and life.”
Users of the website can find 8. which can be identified by their location on a map, or reached by means of a list that has been broken down into four categories: at risk, endangered, severely endangered, or unknown. 9. can upload video or audio samples as well as share their knowledge of a language.
“Languages are alive and in constant change, and their extinction is not new,” write the site’s creators. “ 10. today we have the tools and technology that could become a game changer.”
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
Once a king asked an artist to paint a picture for him. He told the artist he didn’t want to any shadows in the picture, just sunshine, but the artist did so. When the king saw the finish picture, he was disappointed. Without shadows, everything in the picture looked flat and real. The point of the story was that we need both shadows and sunshine to have a completely picture, just as we need both rain and sun to have living world. People, too, need both sadness and happiness. We often learn some important lesson during sad times. So when we feel sad, we should try to stop and think about that we might learn of the experience.
句子翻译 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
1.罗伯特·彭斯是苏格兰的文学巨匠，他的诗歌作品往往运用想象触及强烈的情感。
Robert Burns is Scotland’s __________ _________ _________ whose poetry tends to use imagination and _________ __________ ________ _________.
2.在文莱用食指来指东西会对人们造成冒犯，因此当我们在文莱时应该努力适应用拇指来指东西。
Pointing with one’s first finger can __________ ___________ to people in Brunei, so we should try to _________ _________ using our thumb to point when we are in Brunei.
3.大风过后使得村庄一片混乱，但是所幸的是它并未对人们的生活造成影响。
The strong winds left the village _________ __________
, but luckily it didn’t __________ __________ ___________ __________ people’s lives.
4.根据查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《远大前程》改编的这部现代影片是以19世纪初的英格兰为背景。
The modern film _________ _________ Charles Dickens’s novel Great Expectations is set in
England _________ __________ __________ __________.
5.联合国的职能不仅仅只是局限于解决国际间的政治冲突，另外，它还能促进对人权的尊重。
The function of the UN _________ _________ __________ __________ solving international political conflicts. __________ __________, it also promotes respect for human rights.
单词拼写（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）
1.The teacher taught us how to a_________ classic literature. We should know the background of the work, its plot, major characters, character development and so on.
2.Recently, our school has put forward a new rule that students are p__________ from eating snacks in the classroom.
3.He has been living in Britain for many years and has got a___________ to driving on the left.
4.Who will be offered the position of manager when it becomes v_________?
5.Unfortunately, she has lost the ring which is one of her most treasured p_____________.
6.The speaker r_________ to his past experiences in his speech which was delivered on the previous day.
7.On the run from the FBI, he made a d___________ attempt to hijack a plane.
8.The acts of v__________ at Kunming train station shocked people all over the country.
9.The 
queen is very pretty, but so proud and v__________ that she can not bear that Princess Snow White should be more beautiful than her.
10.The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good r____________.
When I was fourteen, I earned money in the summer by cutting lawns (草坪), and within a few weeks I had built up a body of customers. I got to know people by the flowers they planted that I had to remember not to cut down, by the things they lost in the grass or stuck in the ground on purpose. I reached the point with most of them when I knew in advance what complaint was about to be spoken, which particular request was most important. And I learned something about the measure of my neighbors by their preferred method of payment: by the job, by the month—or not at all.
Mr. Ballou fell into the last category, and he always had a reason why. On one day, he had no change for a fifty, on another he was flat out of checks, and on another, he was simply ou
t when I knocked on his door. Still, except for the money, he was a nice enough guy, always waving or tipping his hat when he’d seen me from a distance. I figured it was a thin retirement check, or maybe a work-related injury that kept him from doing his own yard work. Surely, I kept record of the total, but I didn’t worry about the amount too much. Grass was grass, and Mr. Ballou’s property didn’t take long to trim (修剪).
Then, one late afternoon in mid-July, the hottest time of the year, I was walking by his house and he opened the door, mentioned me to come inside. The hall was cool, shaded, and it took my eyes a minute to adjust to the dim light.
“I owe you,” Mr. Ballou, “but…”
I thought I’d save him the trouble of thinking of a new excuse. “No problem.
Don’t worry about it.”
“The bank made a mistake in my account,” he continued, ignoring my words. “It will be cleared up in a day or two. But in the meantime I thought perhaps you could choose one or two volumes for a down payment (首期付款).
He gestured toward the walls and I saw that books were stacked (堆放) everywhere. It was like a library, except with no order to the arrangement.
“Take your time,” Mr. Ballou encouraged. “Read, borrow, keep. Find something you like. What do you read?”
“I don’t know.” And I didn’t. I generally read what was in front of me, what I could get from the paperback stacked
at the drugstore, what I found at the library, magazines, the back of cereal boxes, comics. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me, but, I realized, not without appeal-- so I started to look through the piles of books.
“You actually read all of these?”
“This isn’t much,” Mr. Ballou said. “This is nothing, just what I’ve kept, the ones worth looking at a second time.”
“Pick for me, then.”
He raised his eyebrows, cocked his head, and regarded me as though measuring me for a suit. After a moment, he nodded, searched through a stack, and handed me a dark red hardbound (精装本) book, fairly thick.
“The Last of the Just,” I read. “By Andre Schwarz-Bart. What’s it about?”
“You tell me,” he said. “Next week.”
I started after supper, sitting outdoors on an uncomfortable kitchen chair. Within a few pages, the yard, the summer, disappeared, and I was thrown into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by one decent man, and evil. Translated from French, the language was elegant, simple, impossible to resist. When the evening light finally failed I moved inside, reading all through the night.
To this day, thirty years later, I vividly remember the experience. It was my first voluntary encounter (接触、遇到) with world literature, and I was stunned (震惊) by the concentrated p
ower a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary, however, to translate my feelings into words. So the next week when Mr. Ballou asked, “Well?” I only replied, “It was good.”
“Keep it, then,” he said. “Shall I suggest another?”
I nodded, and was presented with the paperback (平装本) edition of Margaret Mead’s Coming of Age in Samoa ( a very important book on the study of the social and cultural development of peoples-- anthropology (人类学)).
To make two long stories short, Mr. Ballou never paid me a cent for cutting his grass that year or the next, but for fifteen years I taught anthropology at Dartmouth College. Summer reading was not the innocent entertainment I had assumed it to be, not a light-hearted, instantly forgettable escape in a hammock (吊床) (though I have since enjoyed many of those, too). A book, if it arrives before you at the right moment, in the proper season, at an internal in the daily business of things, will change the course of all that follows.
1.The author found the first book Mr. Ballou gave him _________.
A. light-hearted and enjoyable
B. dull but well written
C. impossible to put down
D. difficult to understand
2.From what he said to the author, we can infer that Mr. Ballou _________.
A. read all books twice
B. did not do much reading
C. read more books than he kept
D. preferred to read hardbound books
3.The following year the author _________.
A. started studying anthropology at college
B. continued to cut Mr. Ballou’s lawn
C. spent most of his time lazing away in a hammock
D. had forgotten what he had read the summer before
4.The author’s main point is that _________.
A. summer jobs are really good for young people
B. you should insist on being paid before you do a job
C. a good book can change the direction of your life
D. a book is like a garden carried in the pocket
The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing (引证) older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is slow to learn that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays against funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem (自尊). The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation (自我肯定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think of positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic viewpoint. Call it the power of negative thinking.
1.The first paragraph is written _________.
A. to raise an argument about positive thinking
B. to introduce the power of positive thinking
C. to encourage people to have positive thoughts
D. to introduce the $11 billion self-help industry
2.According to the study of the Canadian researchers, _________.
A. positive thinking is not as powerful as negative thinking
B. encouraging positive thinking may actually discourage people
C. happy people can think positively while unhappy people can’t
D. getting people to think positively can strengthen their confidence
3.What does the underlined sentenc
e in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. You are pointing out the mistakes he has made.
B. You are reminding him that he is not intelligent.
C. You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
D. You are showing he has great potential in spite of faults.
4.We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
A. negative feelings must be got rid of
B. there’s no point in thinking positively
C. it doesn’t make sense to think negatively
D. negative thinking is not always negative
