根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.1.Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2.As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3.

No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4. To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

5. For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

A．It all depends on your character.

B．Those are the risks you should jump to take.

C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

D．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

A Japanese telecom company has released a robot that it says has emotions. But rather than run in fear from it, we’ve welcomed it into our homes: Pepper, the “emotional robot,” sold out within a minute of going on sale.

Created by Aldebaran Robotics and Japanese mobile giant SoftBank, Pepper went on sale to the general public in Japan June 20. It is “the first humanoid(类人的) robot designed to live with humans,” Aldebaran says on its website. Pepper costs about ＄1,600. And like all good mobile products, there’s a ＄120 per month data fee, as well as an ＄80 per month damage insurance fee. According to a news release, Pepper can pick up on human emotions and create his own using a “multi-layer neural(神经的) network.” Pepper’s touch sensors and cameras are said to influence its mood, which is displayed on the tablet-sized screen on its chest.

Pepper will sigh when unhappy, and can go around your house recording your family’s daily activity. Aldebaran says Pepper can feel “joy, surprise, anger, doubt and sadness,” but it doesn’t say how strongly it can feel these emotions. What happens when Pepper is having a bad day? Will it, like many humans, become uncooperative? Will it ask for some time alone? What happens if it figures out that its purpose in life is just to engage in small talk? Thankfully, Pepper is only about four feet tall, with roller balls instead of legs, so if it is angry with and even turns on its owners, you’ll be safe if you can make it upstairs.

Aldebaran says in reality, they’re probably quite a few decades away from artificial intelligence that could generate real emotions. Aldebaran wasn’t immediately available for comment on when Pepper will be available outside of Japan, but additional sales are scheduled for July after the first 1,000 units sell out. SoftBank currently uses the robots in its stores as greeters, and it plans to offer Pepper to other stores in the future. Hopefully “boredom” is not an emotion Pepper can feel.

1.According to the author, Pepper ________.

A．is very popular among customers

B．can not only run but also show fear

C．is going to be sold all over the world

D．can deal with many kinds of housework

2.How much do you need to pay for Pepper’s data and damage insurance fee each year?

A．80 dollars.B．120 dollars.

C．1,440 dollars.D．2,400 dollars.

3.Pepper’s height and roller balls are mentioned to ________.

A．introduce its appearance

B．tell Pepper won’t get angry

C．show that safety isn’t a big issue

D．explain robots have strong emotions

4.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A．Pepper cannot produce real emotions.

B．Pepper can feel joy, surprise and boredom.

C．Pepper will be sold in other countries next year.

D．Pepper is being used as waiters in some restaurants.

We all know what a brain is. A doctor will tell you that the brain is the organ of the body in the head. It controls our body’s functions, movements, emotions and thoughts. But a brain can mean so much more.

A brain can also simply be a smart person. If a person is called brainy, she is smart and intelligent. If a family has many children but one of them is super smart, you could say “She’s the brains in the family.” And if you are the brains behind something, you are responsible for developing or organizing it. For example, Bill Gates is the brains behind Microsoft.

Brain trust is a group of experts who give advice. Word experts say the phrase “brain trust” became popular when Franklin D. Roosevelt first ran for president in 1932. Several professors gave him advice on social and political issues facing the U.S. These professors were called his “brain trust.”

These ways we use the word “brain” all make sense. But other ways we use the word are not so easy to understand. For example, to understand the next brain expression, you first need to know the word “drain”. As a verb, to drain means to remove something by letting it flow away. So a brain drain may sound like a disease where the brain flows out the ears. But, a brain drain is when a country’s most educated people leave their countries to live in another. The brains are, sort of, draining out of the country.

However, if people are responsible for a great idea, you could say they brainstormed it. Here, brainstorm is not an act of weather. It is a process of thinking creatively about a complex topic. For example, business leaders may use brainstorming to create new products, and government leaders may brainstorm to solve problems.

If people are brainwashed, it does not mean their brains are nice and clean. To brainwash means to make someone accept new beliefs by using repeated pressure in a forceful or tricky way. Keep in mind that brainwash is never used in a positive way.

1.Why did Roosevelt successfully win the election according to the passage?

A．Because word experts were popular.

B．Because he got his brain trust.

C．Because he was smart at giving advice.

D．Because he was the brains behind Americans.

2.According to the text, if you’re the CEO of Bai Du you can be called ________.

A．the organ of Bai Du

B．the brain drain of Bai Du

C．the brains behind Bai Du

D．Bai Du’s brain trust

3.Which of the following expressions is always used in a negative way?

A．Brainstorm.B．Brain trust.C．Brainwash.D．Brain drain.

4.What’s the main idea of this article？

A．The origin of the word “brain”.

B．The word “brain” and its stories.

C．What is the brain.

D．The difference between “brain trust” and “brainwash”.

Instagram is containing so many photos of food — now a pop-up diner in London is taking advantage of this new trend by letting people settle the bill for their meals simply by uploading photos of their dishes to social networks.

I always thought people's taking pictures of their food was kind of silly, but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK, I'd probably do it too. The Picture House' is the world's first pay-by-photo restaurant—you order, click a photo of the food, share on Instagram and eat for free!

The restaurant belongs to frozen food giant (巨人) Birds Eye, who came up with the idea to cash in on people's addiction to photographing food and sharing the pictures online. They conducted a survey and found that more than half of the British population regularly took pictures of their meals. So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.

The pop-up diner was open in Soho, London for three days in May, and is now moving to other major UK cities. They serve two-course meals that customers don't have to pay for, if they photo and Instagram it.

The restaurant is a part of Birds Eye's ‘Food for Life' campaign, a new marketing project that aims at changing the way people look at frozen food. "Taking photos of food enables people to show off and to share their mealtime moments—from the everyday to the special," said marketing director Margaret Jobling.

The reaction to The Picture House has been great so far. And the pay-by-picture concept has proven to be an effective way. Alternative payment methods are actually gaining popularity among a lot of businesses. Last year, in a cafe in Germany customers paid by how much time they spend there, not by what they eat.

1.Instagram probably is ________.

A．a restaurant free of charge

B．a program used to share photos

C．a new marketing project

D．a campaign of “Food for Life”

2.“The Picture House” encourages sharing photos of its food to ________.

A．create a new social media trend

B．raise the price of frozen food

C．attract more customers

D．reward the regular customers

3.Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?

A．No Need to PayB．The Pop-up Diner

C．Food for LifeD．Pay by Picture

Camels are large animals living in dry areas. There are two species of camels; the Arabian camel with a single hump(驼背) from the dry desert areas of West Asia, and the Bactrian camel with two humps from Central and East Asia. Camels are over 7 feet tall and weigh over 1,600 pounds. They will live up to 40 to 50 years. Most camels are domesticated(驯化) and fed by people. Camels are plant-eaters．

Camels are very strong animals with wide, padded feet. They have thick leathery pads on their knees and chest. Camels have nostrils(鼻孔) that can open and close, protecting them from the desert environment. Bushy eyebrows and two rows of long eyelashes protect their eyes from sand. Their mouth is extremely tough, allowing camels to eat thorny(带刺的) desert plants. Their widened feet help them move without sinking into the sand. Their thick coats reflect sunlight, and also protect them from the intense heat from desert sand. Their long legs help by keeping them further from the hot ground.

Camels can go without food and water for 3 to 4 days. They do not store water in their humps as is commonly believed．The humps are actually a container of fat. Camels are incredibly well-adapted to their environment. When conditions heat up, camels can increase their own body temperature, which prevents sweating and therefore water loss. They may not sweat at all during the day.

Camels are sometimes called “ships of the desert” because people ride them around the hot, dry deserts of the world. However, the number of camels is becoming smaller for various reasons.

1.According to the passage, camels usually live in ________.

A. Asia    B. Africa

C. America    D. Australia

2.Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________.

A. camels are useful animals

B. camels are clever animals

C. camels’ body structure and function

D. camels’ characteristics and habits

3.The reason why camels lose little water in deserts is that they ________.

A. get water from green foods

B. can adjust their temperature

C. store enough water in the humps

D. can manage without water

4.What will the author probably talk about following the last paragraph?

A. Ways to protect camels.

B. Habitats of camels.

C. Reasons for raising camels.

D. Functions of camels.

书面表达

假设你是李华，你的加拿大笔友卡尔想了解中国流行的广场舞（square dance）的相关情况。请你用英语给他写封回信，要点包括：

1．跳广场舞的时间、地点、参与人员等；

2．广场舞流行的原因；

3．广场舞引起的争议。

注意：

1．词数100字左右；

2．开头和结尾已经写出，不计入总词数；

3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Carl,

I’m delighted to hear from you and I will tell you what you’re curious about.

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Yours,

Li Hua

短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。

The other day, I was invited my friend Sam’s home for dinner. I felt a bit surprising when I saw Bill there. It was two month since we two had quarreled, so I was embarrassed and didn’t know how to do. I sat down on the sofa but began to watch TV. Later Sam came to ask me to make up with Bill. Until then I realize that Sam had arranged the meeting on purpose. He went up to Bill and greeted him warmly, smiled at him. He looked very happily and talked with me excitedly. That night, we had a great fun together.

语法填空

Online shopping is coming into fashion in most cities, where people are able to make full use of the rapidly-developed internet technology. Nowadays, can we find a person 1.   has not experienced online shopping? Definitely not.

Online shopping 2.  (welcome) by most people due to various reasons. From the perspective of consumer, it can save some time for people who don’t have much spare time. Just click the mouse, they can get    3.   they want while staying at home. For the retailers, it can cut some costs for those who don’t have much circulating funds. 4.  (compare) with the traditional trade mode, they don’t have to spend money in renting a house.    5. , there are still some disadvantages in online shopping. First, a face-to-face deal makes online shopping less   6.  (rely) and trustworthy. Second, people will lose 7.  fun of bargain.

8.   is undeniable that shopping on the internet has become an irresistible trend in modern society. It’s of great urgency that we need to make the relative laws in accordance9.   the rapid growth of online shopping. Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and 10.  (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of being cheated.

完形填空

It’s easy to see how to help some people, but what about those whose needs are not so obvious? This story may have happened a while back, but it was a _________which has stayed with me and helped me ever since.

It was Thanksgiving, and I was _________ with my parents at a shelter for the needy. We were standing behind the counter _________ hot food to whoever came in. Most of our _________ looked like they had been having hard times; their clothes were worn out and dirty. _________ , they looked needy! Then, a man came in, who looked _________ but needy. He was well-dressed, in a(n)  _________ suit. I wondered what he was doing there, and my jaw (下巴) dropped in _________  when he joined the line for _________ . The closer he came to my _________  station, the more I muttered (嘀咕) to my self. What was this man doing? I wanted to know. Surely he wasn’t going to take food _________  for those who were really in need!

Then my mother quietly took me to one side. She said, “You have  _________ that the needs of the people who come here must be purely _________ : for food, shelter, clothing, etc. And this gentleman doesn’t seem to have any of those problems.   _________ what if his needs are emotional? What if he needs _________, friends, or just to be among other human beings?” Her words hit me like a ton of bricks! I felt I should _________  to the man — but I didn’t.

About a week later the shelter received a large _________ from an anonymous(匿名的) source. I couldn’t help but   _________ if it came from that man.

Now,   _________ I meet someone I remember my mother’s lesson and try to keep an open mind, regardless of how they _________  . Needs aren’t always visible. But kindness always makes a difference.

1.A. passionB. feelingC. challengeD. lesson

2.A. impressingB. volunteeringC. blessingD. contacting

3.A. servingB. cookingC. workingD. carrying

4.A. visitorsB. friendsC. dinersD. consumers

5.A. In detailB. In shortC. In surpriseD. In general

6.A. somethingB. nothingC. everythingD. anything

7.A. cheapB. shabbyC. expensiveD. ordinary

8.A. amazementB. delightC. amusementD. satisfaction

9.A. foodB. clothingC. moneyD. room

10.A. informationB. rescueC. employmentD. service

11.A. caredB. boughtC. meantD. delivered

12.A. provenB. assumedC. plannedD. decided

13.A. mentalB. moralC. naturalD. physical

14.A. ThereforeB. ButC. AndD. So

15.A. comfortB. luckC. wealthD. space

16.A. announceB. communicateC. apologizeD. explain

17.A. respectB. praiseC. invitationD. donation

18.A. determineB. wonderC. concludeD. support

19.A. wheneverB. howeverC. whateverD. whichever

20.A. tryB. behaveC. lookD. struggle

How to Become an Effective Leader

The key to becoming an effective leader is not to focus on making other people follow, but on making yourself the kind of person they want to follow. 1._______ It takes time to become a trustworthy leader.

As you prepare yourself to become a better leader, use the following guidelines to help you grow:

Don’t be self-centered.

The truly great leaders are not in leadership for personal gain. 2.________ Perhaps that is why Lawrence Bell remarked, “A man who cannot bother to do little things for others are unlikely to become a good leader.”

3.________

Rare is the effective leader who didn’t learn to become a good follower first. That is why a leadership institution such as the United States Military Academy teaches its officers to become effective followers first.

Work with excellence.

No one respects and follows mediocrity(平庸). Leaders who earn the right to lead give their all to what they do. They bring into play not only their skills and talents, but also great passion and hard work. 4._______

Give your power away.

What makes leadership so special is that you become a better leader by sharing whatever power you have, not by saving it all for yourself. 5.________ If you use your power to empower others, your leadership will extend far beyond your grasp.

A. Become a good follower first.

B. You are meant to be a river, not a pool.

C. They lead in order to serve other people.

D. Leaders help people to reach their potential.

E. Leadership isn’t learned or earned in a moment.

F. Leadership is influence, nothing more, nothing less.

G. They perform on the highest level of which they are capable.