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As Artificial Intelligence becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code. Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language. For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn't want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values," said Russell. Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously, there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think that's the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do. It will be possible to create more complex moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless. The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do enough testing and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）. One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation. If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else. The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity. 1.What does the author say about the threat of robots? A. It may be a challenge to computer programmers. B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology. C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language. D. It has become an inevitable danger as technology gets more sophisticated. 2.How do robots learn human values? A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations. B. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior. C. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings. D. By imitating the behavior of properly brought-up human beings. 3.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation? A. Keep a distance from possible dangers. B. Do enough testing before taking action. C. Set off its built-in alarm system at once. D. Stop to seek advice from a human being. 4.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code? A. Determine what is moral and ethical. B. Design some large-scale experiments. C. Set rules for man-machine interaction. D. Develop a more sophisticated program.
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Bus Tours in Washington DC The Lights Night Tour in Washington DC Duration: 3 hours $56.33 Highest-rated Night Tour in DC! The ONLY DC Night Tour where the Tour Guides HOP OFF with you at each stop and tell you about each monument and attraction. Hop aboard the The Lights Night Tour! The best time to take a tour of Washington DC is at night. Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC Duration: 6 hours $78.96 See Arlington Cemetery, Old Town Alexandria and George Washington’s Mount Vernon Estate on this small group bus tour from Washington DC. Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vernon, telling you about all of the attractions there and the history of George Washington’s home on the Potomac River. The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC Duration: 3 hours $46.92 See all the key attractions DC has to offer in a 3-hour format. You will learn all about the history and trivia that surrounds Washington and visit the major monuments and attractions DC has to offer. Please Note: Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed. The Blossoms Tour in Washington DC Duration:3 hours $56.99 BEST WAY to Experience the Cherry Blossoms! Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful Cherry Blossoms in Washington DC and get great photos because you’ll be led to all the best spots by the best guides. The annual spring bloom in DC is a magical time and this tour promises to provide the very best tour opportunity for you! 1.Which tour would provide you with a sightseeing boat? A. The Lights Night Tour B. Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour C. The Best Minibus Tour D. The Blossoms Tour 2.What is special about The Best Minibus Tour? A. Its price is not fixed. B. The best time to take it is at night. C. The tour guide accompanies you. D. You can get great photos of cherry. 3.Which date suits The Blossoms Tour most? A. July 4 B. August 15 C. March 27 D. October 8
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假如你是李华，你的笔友Mike 从媒体上得知前段时间全国多地包括宁波等地出现雾霾，非常担心，写E-mail询问有关情况，请你回复。回复应包括以下要点： 实况描述 2.影响和成因 3.生活启示 注意：1.词数：100-120词。 E-mail的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 2.生词：雾霾 haze Thank you very much for your concern. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（Λ），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 Dear Sir, I’m Li Hua from Shenzhen. When I was reading the ad, the aim of this activity impresses me greatly. I think instructive to learn to live together by living together. There is no doubt that it is a good opportunity for the only child as me to learn to share and work together. Therefore I recommend me to you without hesitation. As a boy of 17, I am outgoing, good at English and have an experience of working well with children aging from 7 to 12. I think it was a kind of win-win activity. For one thing, I can help take care of the children. For another thing, I can improve my English, make more friend, and enrich my life during the summer vacation. To conclude, I am readily to take on the job. I am looking forwards to your early reply. Sincerely yours, Li Hua
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请根据句义及首字母，用正确的形式完成句中的单词。 1.On a cold r__________ night, he was found sleeping at a street corner, wet all over. 2.I'd like to emphasize the i__________ of reading exam questions carefully. 3.The stranger spoke in such a f__________ voice that the frightened child began to cry. 4.The boss dismissed the e__________ immediately he saw him smoking in the office. 5.At last, he was reduced to b___________ on the streets, homeless.
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阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 As an adult, she tried hard to become American’s first woman architect (建筑师). Young architects at that time 1. (usual) learned their skills by working in the drafting rooms of professional architects. Most architects didn’t want women working for them. But Louise 2. (manage) to make a well-known architect give her a chance. She worked 3. six in the morning to six in the evening. She wasn’t paid much. 4. she learned a lot as she worked, and her employer allowed her to use 5. (he) large library. In 1881, after five years of work and study, Louise set up her own office. She advertised, “The first 6. (profession) woman architect in the country 7. (be) ready for business.” Louise believed that she should not be limited to designing private 8. (home) just because she was a woman. She looked for a variety of jobs and designed storage buildings, factories and schools. She did very well, inspiring other women 9. (become) architects. She often spoke out for 10. fair treatment of women and equal pay for equal work.
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Falling off a box car and landing on my head, I lost my sight when I was four years old. Now I am thirty-two. I can _______ remember the brightness of sunshine. It would be wonderful to see again, _______ a tragedy can do strange things to people. It occurred to me that I might not have come to _______ life as I do now if I hadn’t been blind. My parents and my teachers saw something _______ me, and they made me want to _______ against blindness. The hardest _______ I had to learn was to believe in myself. If I hadn’t been able to do that, I would have _______ down and become a chair rocker for the rest of my life. When I say _______ in myself, I am not talking about _______ the kind of self-confidence that ________ me down an unfamiliar staircase alone. But I mean something bigger than that: I am a real positive person ________ imperfections. It took me years to obtain this ________. It had to start with the ________. Once a man gave me an indoor ________. “I can’t use this,” I said. “Take it with you,” he ________ me, “and roll it around.” The ________ stuck in my head. “Roll it around!” By rolling the ball I could hear where it went. This gave me an idea how to achieve a goal I had thought ________. At the School for the Blind I ________ a new kind of baseball called ground ball. All my life I have set a series of goals and then tried to reach them, one at a time. I had to learn my ________. I would fail sometimes anyway but on the average I made ________. 1.A. clearly B. hardly C. roughly D. completely 2.A. so B. and C. thus D. but 3.A. love B. hate C. ignore D. miss 4.A. of B. for C. to D. in 5.A. get B. fight C. find D. drop 6.A. method B. experience C. lesson D. manner 7.A. broken B. put C. settled D. lay 8.A. courage B. ambition C. belief D. power 9.A. firmly B. simply C. fairly D. slightly 10.A. stops B. gives C. pushes D. helps 11.A. despite B. except C. unless D. unlike 12.A. description B. existence C. intelligence D. recognition 13.A. problem B. trouble C. incident D. event 14.A. chair B. baseball C. game D. design 15.A. urged B. blamed C. greeted D. teased 16.A. goals B. words C. baseballs D. ideas 17.A. valuable B. reasonable C. impossible D. unbearable 18.A. discovered B. equipped C. formed D. invented 19.A. limitations B. advantages C. puzzles D. personalities 20.A. sense B. progress C. mistakes D. friends
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Create Beauty Yourself In itself life is neutral (中立的). We make it beautiful, we make it ugly; life is what energy we bring to it. 1. If you simply sit there and you want it to be beautiful, then it will not be --- you have to create beauty. Beauty is not there like an object or a rock. Beauty has to be created. You have to give a sight to reality, you have to give color to reality, you have to give a song to reality --- then it is beautiful. So whenever you participate in creating beauty, it is there; whenever you stop creating, it is not. 2. Happiness is a creation; so is misery. You get only that which you create, and you never get anything else. That is the whole philosophy of karma: 3. Life is just a blank cloth---you can paint a beautiful scene, or you can paint black ghosts (鬼) and dangerous people. 4. You can make a beautiful dream or a bad dream. Once this is understood, things are very simple. You are the master; it is your responsibility. Ordinarily we think that life has some objective beauty and objective ugliness.5. It gives you all that is needed: Now do it yourself! It is a do-it-yourself affair. A. You get only that which you do. B. What is beauty? C. If you pour beauty into life, it is beautiful. D. It's up to you. E. No! Life is just an opportunity. F. Life is not what you think it is. G. Beauty is a creation; so is ugliness.
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Four out of the 48 self-driving cars on public roads in California have been involved in accidents in the last eight months, according to the state's Department of Motor Vehicles. The agency began issuing permits for the testing of self-driving vehicles in September 2014. Three of the four cars belonged to Google, the fourth to parts supplier Delphi. Both firms denied their vehicles had been at fault. Under Californian law, details of car accidents remain secret. However, Google said its driverless cars had never been the cause of an accident and that the majority of "minor fender-benders(擦撞)" had been in the form of rear-end(后尾) collisions from other drivers. "Safety is our highest priority. Since the start of our programme six years ago, we've driven nearly a million miles automatically, on both freeways and city streets, without causing a single accident," said a spokesperson. Delphi told the BBC its vehicle was hit while still at a crossroads and was in human driving mode at the time. "A police report indicates the fault of the accident is with the second vehicle, not Delphi. No-one was hurt in the incident," said a spokesperson. An unknown source told the Associated Press that two of the accidents occurred while the vehicles were occupied by human drivers, and all four vehicles were going very slowly at the time of the collisions. Chris Urmson, director of Google's self-driving car programme, wrote in a blog post that there have been 11 accidents involving Google cars since the project began six years ago but not one has been caused by one of its vehicles. "Rear-end crashes are the most frequent accidents in America, and often there's little the driver in front can do to avoid getting hit," he said. 1.What is the passage mainly about? A. Self-driving car accidents. B. Motor vehicle problems. C. Self-driving vehicle problems. D. Traffic accidents in California. 2.We can learn from the passage that the self-driving cars ______. A. caused the accidents when driven by human drivers B. hit other cars and caused the accidents C. were responsible for the accidents D. were knocked into from behind 3.The passage intends to tell us that the self-driving cars ______. A. are just road killers B. need to be improved C. are in good quality D. shouldn’t be produced
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What will the future be like? Good or bad? A lot of science-fiction writing imagines a world which is dark and scary. In Blade Runner, Harrison Ford hunts robots in a chaotic (混乱的) Los Angeles. Planet of the Apes shows a hopeless future for humankind. There's a word to describe the kind of future world which often appears in science fiction: dystopia. It means an imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad. The opposite is utopia. But does tomorrow's world have to be so disappointing? No. A new project wants to use the power of science fiction to inspire people to create a better future. Project Hieroglyph brings together writers, scientists, engineers and artists to create optimistic stories about things which really could happen in the next 50 years. It's just a matter of making an effort. Experts say it's easier to create a dystopia than write a feel-good story. There's more conflict in a world full of problems, and stories are interesting when there are a lot of problems to solve. No challenge, no story! But the project produced a book with some promising plots. One of them is about environmentalists who fight to stop entrepreneurs (创业者) from building the first hotel in Antarctica. Well, there's conflict there and it seems reasonable, so it could be a good story. But will these stories actually change anything or just keep us entertained? Ed Finn, the book's editor, thinks the former. He says: "A good science-fiction story can be very powerful. It can inspire hundreds, thousands, millions of people to do something that they want to do." The influence of science fiction can already be seen in modern research, says Professor Braden Allenby. He asks: "Why are people working on, for example, invisibility cloaks (斗篷)? Well, it's Harry Potter, right?" Time will tell how far we can go. Let's dream big and think outside the box. Who knows the wonderful things we can come up with? 1.The underlined word “utopia” in paragraph 2 most probably means “______’. A. a real world where people can do anything they like B. an imagined place where things are unpleasant or bad C. an imaginary perfect world where everyone is happy D. a wild and terrible place where no one can live happily 2.Experts say it’s easier to create a dystopia than a feel-good story because ______. A. a dystopia needs less imagination B. a feel-good story is more interesting C. there is no conflict in a feel-good story D. there are more problems to solve in a dystopia 3.Professor Braden Allenby takes “invisibility cloaks” as an example ______. A. to cause readers’ attention B. to amuse science fiction readers C. to introduce a science fiction story D. to show the influence of science fiction 4.What is the best title for the passage? A. What is science fiction? B. Can science fiction help us? C. What will man do in the future? D. Shall we live a better life in the future?
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