Persuasion is the art of convincing someone to agree with you. According to the ancient Greeks，there are three basic tools of persuasion：ethos，pathos，and logos.

Ethos is a speakers way of convincing the audience that she is trustworthy，honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education she has in the field. After all，you’re more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman. A speaker can also create ethos by convincing the audience that she is a good person. If an audience cannot trust you，you will not be able to persuade them.

Pathos is a speaker’s way of connecting with an audience’s emotions. For example，a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear，thus making them support him. Similarly，an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats，to make the viewers feel pity. If the audience feels bad for the animals，they will be more likely to donate money.

Logos is the use of facts，statistics，or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will be more likely to believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying "believe me".

Although ethos，pathos，and logos all have their strengths，they are often most effective when used together. Indeed，most speakers use a combination of ethos，pathos，and logos to persuade their audiences. So，the next time you listen to a speech，watch a commercial，or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money，be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

1.Why does the author say persuasion is an art？ ______

A. They both entertain the audience.

B. They both require great skills to achieve.

C. They both demand full attention from the audience.

D. They were both common topics of ancient Greek writers.

2.How is a speaker able to show her ethos to the audience？ ______

A. By expressing her sympathy with the audience.

B. By telling the audience about her personal preference.

C. By using beautiful language to make her statements attractive.

D. By showing her knowledge and experience relating to the topic.

3.What can we learn about the three aspects of persuasion？ ______

A. Ethos is the most important aspect of persuasion.

B. Each aspect has a different effect on the audience.

C. Honesty is the key to making your arguments believable.

D. Political leaders mostly use pathos to persuade their audience.

4.An advertisement for washing powder which claims that “scientific tests show that our powder kills 95% of all bacteria” is mainly using ______ .

A. ethos    B. pathos

C. logos    D. a combination of all three

Cigarette ends are everywhere — littering our streets and beaches — and for decades they’ve been thought of as "unrecyclable". But a New Jersey based company，called TerraCycle，has taken on the challenge，and has come up with a way to recycle millions of cigarette ends and turn them into industrial plastic products. Its aim is to recycle things that people normally consider impossible to reuse.

Obviously it would be even better for the environment if everyone just stopped smoking，but the statistics show that although there has been an increase in anti-smoking ads and messaging，between 2000 and 2014，global sales of cigarettes increased by 8 percent，and a whole lot of those cigarette ends are ending up as trash. Since most of our litter eventually ends up in waterways，cigarette ends can surely pollute the surrounding environment. "It only takes a single cigarette end to pollute a liter of water," TerraCycle founder，Tom Szaky，said. "Animals can also mistake littered cigarette ends for food. "

So how do you go about turning all those poisonous ends into something useful? TerraCycle does this by first breaking them down into separate parts. They mix the remaining materials，such as the tobacco and the paper，with other kinds of rubbish，and use it on non-agricultural land，such as golf courses. The filters(过滤嘴) are a little harder. To recycle these，TerraCycle first makes them clean and cuts them into small pieces，and then combines them with other recycled materials，making them into liquid for industrial plastic products.

They’re now also expanding their recycling offerings to the rest of the 80 percent of household waste that currently can’t be recycled，such as chocolate packaging，pens，and mobile phones. The goal is to use the latest research to find a way to stop so much waste ending up in landfill(垃圾填埋)，and then get companies to provide money for the process. And so far，it’s working.

"We haven’t found anything that we can’t recycle，"communications director of TerraCycle，Albe Zakes，said. "But with the amount and variety of packaging and litter in the world，we are always looking for new waste streams to address. "

1.What does TerraCycle intend to do？

A. Search for recyclable materials for use.

B. Deal with as many cigarette ends as possible.

C. Produce new kinds of industrial plastic products.

D. Recycle what used to be considered unrecyclable.

2.The underlined word "trash" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

A. rubbish    B. poison

C. disaster    D. ruin

3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？

A. The effective use of cigarette ends.    B. The process of recycling cigarette ends.

C. The difficulty in recycling cigarette ends.    D. The reason for breaking down cigarette ends.

4.What Albe said in the last paragraph implies that ________.

A. there is more and more waste to be recycled

B. it is difficult for TerraCycle to recycle everything

C. TerraCycle is trying to meet the challenge of new waste

D. TerraCycle has successfully recycled a large amount of waste

Plan on traveling around the USA this summer? If you need help in arranging the trip, or want ideas about where to go and what to do, there are a number of outstanding websites that can make your American dream come true.

http://byways. org

The National Scenic Byways Program covers 150 memorable roads. Some are natural routes, such as Route 1 along the California coast. Others focus on history (such as Route 6) or man-made attractions (the Las Vegas Strip). For each，you are provided with a map，told the route′s length and how long is allowed，and given detailed suggestions on sights and stop-offs.

www.oyster.com

This is the best website for reviews of hotels in US cities and resorts. The reviews are impressively thorough，covering locations，rooms，cleanliness，food and so on. Importantly，these are not promotional photos by the hotels，but more honest and real ones taken by inspectors. Search facilities are excellent. From the 243 hotels reviewed in the New York，you can narrow down what you are looking for by locations，facilities and styles，or just pick out a selection of the best.

www. 101usaholidays.co.uk

This is the latest offering that features 101 holiday ideas to the USA. It’s an impressively diverse selection，ranging from touring in the footsteps of Martin Luther King to a golfing break in Arizona and a cycling and wine-tasting trip in California’s Napa Valley. Narrow down what you are looking for — whether by price，region，theme and who will be traveling — and then just the photos of the relevant holidays remain on view. It′s a really clever design.

www.mousesavers.com

Walt Disney World in California can make dreams come true，but the price is not affordable for the majority of people. So turn to long established Mousesavers.com，dedicated to giving big discounts on tickets，hotels and dining at Walt Disney World. The website also offers general money-saving tips，suggestions for cheap and free stuff and brief coverage of other Florida and California theme parks.

1.If you are going to the USA for the man-made attractions，you can drive along ________.

A. Route 1    B. Route 6

C. the Las Vegas Strip    D. the California coast

2.Why are the photos of the hotels in US cities and resorts real in www. oyster. Com?

A. Because there are qualifications of the authority.

B. Because they are taken by inspectors of the website.

C. Because there are comments of customers on each photo.

D. Because they were taken by customers who once lived there.

3.Travel ideas for a big family with kids and the old are available at ________.

A. www.oyster.com    B. http://byways.org

C. www. mousesavers.com    D. www.101usaholidays.co.uk

你是交流生Li Ming，在加拿大期间得到了加拿大同学Bob的很多热心帮助，但回国时把Bob曾借他德贝多芬交响乐的CD(CD of Beethoven's symphonies)放在行李箱拿了回来，给他写一封道歉信。

对在加拿大期间Bob的帮助表示感谢

告知CD事件，并用快递(Express Mail Service)寄回CD

因此造成的不便向他道歉

Dear Bob,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(^)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

My favorite proverb is “A friend in need is a friend indeed.” It mean that true friends always come to you when you’re in trouble. Last term, my father met with a traffic accident, but his right leg got injured seriously. Consequently, he received the operation and I had to look after him in the hospital. Learned about this, Li Lei was offered to take care of my father without hesitation. He also helped me make up for my lessons. Thank to his help and inspiration, I went through the difficulty period and regained confidence. However, a true friend always spares no effort help you when you are in trouble. We all should try to make so good friends.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

The British have many traditions but there is nothing more quintessential (典型的) than taking afternoon tea. We know the British have a love affair with drinking tea, 1. more than 160 million cups drunk every day, but it was the invention of afternoon tea that turned tea-drinking into 2. popular pastime.

This sociable feast involves drinking good quality tea 3. (comfort) while nibbling (小口吃) on nice sandwiches, scones with jam and cream and a selection of small cakes. And, of course, it can only happen in the afternoon!   Afternoon tea, 4. (design) as a light snack to bridge the gap between lunch and dinner, dates back to the 1840s.  It went on to become a 5. (fashion) social occasion for the upper classes.

Now there is a resurgence (复苏) in its 6. (popular) in the UK and it is available to anyone who can afford it. 7. it can be enjoyed at home, the best way to experience it is at a smart hotel of café. But if you’re thinking of visiting such a place 8. (enjoy) a plate of sweet and tasty treats with a steaming hot brew, remember the rules you must follow to avoid 9. (ask) to leave.

Writer Henry James once noted that “there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour devoted to the ceremony known as afternoon tea”. I’m sure once you try it, you 10.(agree).

Tim, my seven-year-old son, is learning to play the drums. It is an___ that has always caught his attentipn ___he hears them played. Before I____his first lessons, drums were all he wanted. At the age of 3 he___ his mini drum set during a show. Using that same drum set he perfected the timing and rhythm of a popular church song____ enough for his mom to sing along to. My son had found his passion at a young age and had a natural____to catch on quickly.

Wanting to act quickly to __ his talent, I immediately signed him up for drum lessons. No sooner had my first payment cleared than his passion __. He did not want to take instructions. He wanted to play the drums_______,    To    him the drums were a way of ___. Ian wanted to “play the beat of his own drum.”

The challenge was that music has more than one __ Rock doesn’t sound like smooth jazz and smooth jazz doesn’t sound like___ You can’t play every __ that exists to the same beat. If ___were a series of songs, the melodies __ could be calming and peacefiil, or violent and chaotic. Each event we face has its____own sound, so we have to learn __ to play the tune of the moment. You should understand that even with all the natural talent in the world there is always___ for improvement.

You can't do it all without ___.

You won’t know how to play every beat life throws at you without practice.

You can’t____talent forever.

1.A. arrangement    B. enjoyment    C. instrument    D. advertisement

2.A. anyway    B. however    C. whatever    D. anytime

3.A. paid for    B. waited on    C. took off    D. burst into

4.A. founded    B. played    C. lost    D. learned

5.A. similar    B. horrible    C. good    D. strange

6.A. taste    B. talent    C. tendency    D. habit

7.A. improve    B. decrease    C. discover    D. admit

8.A. rose    B. strengthened    C. progressed    D. disappeared

9.A. by himself    B. in his way    C. in person    D. with others

10.A. expression    B. possession    C. permission    D. impression

11.A. form    B. sound    C. beat    D. advantage

12.A. nature    B. culture    C. view    D. folk

13.A. poem    B. song    C. sport    D. game

14.A. luck    B. life    C. truth    D. music

15.A. at times    B. as usual    C. in general    D. on average

16.A. quite    B. well    C. fast    D. very

17.A. when    B. where    C. how    D. why

18.A. place    B. spot    C. scenery    D. room

19.A. instructions    B. efforts    C. contributions    D. experiences

20.A. figure out    B. put off    C. rely on    D. take in

Asking for a raise can be a discouraging prospect for any employee.  1. If you’re a female employee seeking a raise, it matters to approach that conversation strategically. Here are a few tips for pulling it off successfully.

Do your research.

2. So if you’re making a case for a pay increase, you’ll need to gather some data on what others in similar positions are earning. To that end, do some research on sites like Salary.com. 3. Remember to collect the average earnings for all workers in your position and make your case for why you deserve to be paid similarly.

Don’t get emotional.

Women are often accused of getting emotional on the job. In fact, it’s that so-called sensitive nature that causes some people to claim they’re uncomfortable working with and promoting female employees. That’s why it’s extremely important to keep you cool during a salary negotiation. Be specific and present hard evidence of your value to the company. Try to focus on your positive contributions, rather than the negative feelings. And although the discussion might get heated, be sure not to yell or, worse yet, cry while it’s going down. 4.

5.

Given many news stories about how men out-earn women, you may tend to draw on some of that data as a reason for getting a raise. But be very careful about using that argument, because unless you have definitive proof that your male colleagues - with the same exact titles, experience, and responsibilities — are making more money than you, you’re better off avoiding that angle.

A. Don’t accuse your employer.

B. Staying calm will only help your case.

C. Take advantage of how much men colleagues earn.

D. It’s never a good idea to go into a salary negotiation blindly.

E. You are often paid less salary than your workmates in similar positions.

F. But women face unique challenges when it comes to requesting more money.

G. They allow you to search for compensation info based on industry and geographic region.

Every year billions of pounds are spent on hair loss treatment. If we succeed in curing hair loss with 3D printed hair follicles (毛囊), it will be a huge revolution.

L’Oreal ( 欧莱雅）, the cosmetics firm is partnering with a French bio-printing company called Poietis, which has developed a form of laser printing for cell-based objects. Poietis’ technique begins with the creation of a digital map that determines where living cells and other tissue components should be placed to create the desired biological structure. This involves how the cells are expected to grow over time. The file based on the digital map is then turned into instructions for the printing equipment, so that it can lay down tiny droplets （小滴）made out of the cell-based "bio ink" one layer at a time. The printing process involves bouncing （使反弹）a pulsing laser（脉冲激光器） off a mirror and through a lens, so that when it hits a ribbon (色带) containing the bio ink, a droplet of the matter falls into place. About 10,000 of these micro-droplets are created every second.

It typically takes about 10 minutes to print a piece of skin 1cm wide by 0.5mm thick. However, since hair follicles are complex and consist of 15 different cells in a structure, they may take longer.

Poietis is not the only company working on bio-printing, but most others use another way, which involves pushing a bio-ink through a nozzle (喷嘴), rather than lasers to build their tissue. Poietis suggests its technique puts less stress on the biological matter, meaning there is less risk of causing it damage.

Alopecia UK—a charity that provides support and advice about hair loss—has mixed feelings about the development. “It is encouraging to know that companies such as L’Oreal are investing in technology that may help those with hair loss in the future,” said spokeswoman Amy Johnson.

“However, we would suggest it’s still very early to be getting excited about what this potentially could mean for those with medical hair loss. At this point it is unclear as to whether this technology could benefit those with all types of hair loss.”

“Also, if this new technology does lead to a treatment option, given the high costs of existing hair transplant procedures, how many people will be able to realistically afford any new technological advances that may become available? As with any other research and development into processes that may be able to help those with hair loss, we watch with great interest.”

1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us?

A. How the printing process is carried out.

B. Where the living cells should be placed.

C. How long the cells are expected to grow.

D. What the printing equipment is made up of.

2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A. hair follicle    B. biological matter

C. nozzle    D. bio-ink

3.The passage implies that the new technology may ______.

A. meet some practical challenges

B. help people with hair loss at present

C. offer solutions to all problems of hair loss

D. cost a large sum of money to transplant hair

4.What is Amy Johnson’s attitude towards the new technology?

A. Disapproving.    B. Optimistic.

C. Cautious.    D. Negative.

In summer the extreme heat often makes people sweaty and restless. While people are annoyed by it, experts suggest summer is the best season to discharge (排放) your body’s toxins (毒素) and recover your energy.

One popular option is hot-stone massage (按摩). Therapists use smooth and heated stones, usually river rocks, to massage certain parts of the body, or place them on key points of the body. The warmth of the hot stones will improve blood circulation and also help relax muscles, while sweating is also believed to be good for discharging the body’s toxins.

Another popular option is hot-stone baths. The hot-stone bath will help the body discharge toxins and humidity that accumulated during the last winter. Summer is the best season to build a good body. Rather than use water or steam to heat and wash the body, people simply wear a coat or something comfortable, and then lie on heated stone tablets made of hot stones, which are warmed to around 45oC. The body will gradually warm up and blood circulation will also be improved. More sweat will come out quickly. The sweat is smooth and fresh, not smelly like that released after sports activities. Such baths bring a number of health benefits, such as anti-aging, improved blood circulation and stress relief. The slimming effect of dieting can even be promoted.

Using hot stones for healing dates back to ancient times, but the modern renewal of hot-stone massage is generally credited to Mary Nelson, a native of Tucson, Arizona, America, whose trademark is “LaStone Therapy”.

The therapy is gaining wide popularity with many people, especially those who have jobs in cool air-conditioned rooms. The hot-stone therapy can help cure many diseases, including back pain.

1.What do people use to release toxins in our body according to the text?

A. Washing the body with cold water.

B. Discharging lots of sweat.

C. Relaxing muscles

D. Lying on the warm beds.

2.What can we know from the text?

A. Sports have greater effects on the health than hot-stone massage.

B. There are no toxins and humidity in the body in summer.

C. Using water of about 45oC to wash the body is good for the health.

D. People should take advantage of summer to improve their health.

3.What can be learned about the hot-stone therapy?

A. It was invented by Mary Nelson, an American.

B. It successfully cured many people of cancer.

C. It is popular with people with its excellent effects.

D. It can help people avoid sweating too much in hot summer.

4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

A. The origin and development of the hot-stone therapy

B. The amazing functions of the hot-stone therapy

C. A healthy and comfortable lifestyle

D. How to live comfortably in summer