Most of the new diseases we humans have faced in the past several decades have come from animals. The more we come into contact with wild animals, the more we risk a so-called disease “spillover” from animals to humans.
“As people move and wildlife move in response to a changing environment, humans and wildlife and animals will come in contact more regularly,” said Jeanne Fair from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. Fair argues that by shifting animal habitats, climate change will also make the opportunities for disease spillover more frequent. “Everything is sort of shifting and will shift into the future as the environment changes through climate change,” Fair said.
Scientists, including climatologists and epidemiologists (流行病学家) on Fair’s team at Los Alamos, are beginning to model how changes to the climate will impact the spread of infectious diseases. It’s early days for this kind of research, but previous studies suggest that extreme weather has already played a role in at least one outbreak. Scientists say drought and deforestation have combined to force bats out of rain forests and into orchards (果园) in Malaysia to find food. Those bats, a common disease reservoir, then passed the Nipah virus through pigs to humans for the first time in the late 1990s.
“We’re going by the past data to really predict what’s going to happen in the future,” Fair said, “And so, anytime you increase that wildlife-human interface, that’s sort of an emerging disease hot spot. And so, that’s just increasing as we go forward.”
Jeffrey Shaman, head of the climate and health program at Columbia University’s public health school, argues we don’t yet know whether climate change will cause a net increase in infectious disease rates globally. For example, mosquitoes carry disease that affects millions of people across the world every year. As their habitats expand in some parts of the world, they might contract diseases elsewhere. Shaman says what we know for certain about climate change is that it will make it harder to predict where disease outbreaks will pop up.
1.How does climate change affect the spread of disease according to Fair?
A.By breaking animals’habits. B.By increasing animals’varieties.
C.By promoting animals’breeding. D.By changing animals’living environment.
2.What is the example of bats for in paragraph 3?
A.Explaining the influence of Nipah virus.
B.Proving the harm of bats to human beings.
C.Showing the effects of climate change on disease.
D.Presenting scientists’early study about the cause of disease.
3.What can we infer from Fair’s words in paragraph 4?
A.Humans should give up studying animals.
B.Frequent contact with animals can cause disease outbreaks.
C.Disease hot spots will disappear if animals die out.
D.Past data can solve the problems in the future.
4.What could be the best title for the text?
A.Climate Change and Disease Spillover
B.Animals’Interaction with Humans
C.Early Studies about Extreme Weather
D.Scientists’Prediction for Disease Outbreaks
“Beauty isn't about having a pretty face,” begins a motivational quote. “It's about having a pretty mind, a pretty heart, and a pretty soul. Oh, and pretty nails!”
That may be Angela Peters' motto. Last July, Peters, rolled her wheelchair into a nail salon (沙龙) at the Walmart shopping center in Burton to have her nails done. But Peters, who has cerebral palsy (脑瘫), was turned away. The salon told her that they were afraid it would be too difficult to properly paint her nails given that her hands kept shaking. What was meant to be a day of beauty for Peters was now a disappointment.
A Walmart cashier about to go on her break happened to see this. Ebony Harris recognized Peters as a Walmart regular. “She's just like everyone else. She wants to look pretty. So why can't she?” Harris said.
Harris approached Peters. “Do you want me to do your nails?” she asked.
A smile spread across Peters' face. “Yeah!” Harris led Peters into the supermarket, where they shopped for nail polish. They settled on a color that would catch every eye. They then made their way into a neighboring Subway, found a table for two, and started. Harris gently took Peters' hand into hers and carefully began painting her nails. “She moved her hands a little bit, and she kept saying she was sorry,” Harris said. “I told her, ‘Don't say that. You're fine.’ She makes me look at life and appreciate it much more than I have.”
Watching it all with surprise and admiration was Subway employee Tasia Smith. Smith was so taken by the scene that she wrote about it on Facebook. “She was so patient with her,” she wrote. “Thanks to the Walmart worker for making this beautiful girl's day!”
1.Why does the author mention the quote in the first paragraph?
A.To compare different views. B.To introduce the topic of the passage.
C.To show the importance of beauty. D.To share his opinion about beauty.
2.The nail salon refused Peters' request because .
A.she had to use a wheelchair B.they were too busy to serve her
C.she couldn't keep her hands still D.they hadn't the color she wanted
3.Which of the following words can best describe Harris?
A.Brave and generous. B.Careful and fair-minded.
C.Honest and considerate. D.Patient and warm-hearted.
4.What can be inferred about Tasia Smith from the last paragraph?
A.She thought highly of Harris' behavior.
B.She wrote a thank-you letter to Walmart.
C.She regretted not lending Peters a helping hand.
D.She misunderstood Harris' relationship with Peters.
Upcoming Events of New York Chinese Cultural Center
Fan Dance
Sunday, September8, 2:00pm-3:00 pm, $15 per child
New-York Historical Society Museum & Library
Learn Chinese fan dancing with an instructor from NYCCC! This program is a part of an exhibition which examines the history of trade and immigration between China and the United States.
Dragon Boat Festival
Friday, September13,2:00pm -2:30pm
Fresh Meadows Park
Come and celebrate with us in the thousand-year-old tradition of Dragon Boat racing! Be part of the audience and enjoy the excitement of this celebration. FREE ADMISSION! Click here for more information. Dragon Boat Festival will be held in Fresh Meadows Park.
Dance to China
Sunday, September15, 2 pm
Spruce Street School Auditorium, 12 Spruce St, New York, NY 10038
Join us in celebrating 43 years of preserving and continuing Chinese traditional dance. Students from NYCCC School of the Arts will be performing traditional Chinese dance, martial arts, and Beijing opera . Cost is $15 for adults, $12 for teenagers and senior citizens, $10 for children under 12.
NYCCC School of the Arts Open House
Saturday, September21, from 1:00pm -3:00 pm, $12 per child
PS 124, Yung Wing School, 40 Division Street, New York, NY 10002
Join us and see Chinese dance, kung fu, and acrobatic (杂技的)performances performed by our current students. Come and see our students’ beautiful artwork on display and make some artwork yourselves during our hour of arts and crafts and face painting from 1-2 pm. The show will be from 2-3pm.
1.Where can you learn about China-US trade and immigration history?
A.In New-York Historical Society Museum & Library.
B.In PS 124, Yung Wing School.
C.In Spruce Street School Auditorium.
D.In Fresh Meadows Park.
2.How much should a family of 4 (aged 75, 38, 36, 5) pay to participate in Dance to China?
A.$48. B.$ 52.
C.$55. D.$ 57.
3.What does NYCCC aim at?
A.Training dancing instructors. B.Producing beautiful artwork.
C.Promoting Chinese folk arts. D.Examining trade and immigration.
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为 150 左右。
The Dickensons lived on the eastern coast of America and the three boys,Carl,Simon,and little Ben loved the water. The elder brothers usually helped their dad on his farm and took care of their little brother.
There was an island off shore in the distance. One Saturday the two elder brothers decided to go there for an adventure. When they were leaving,their father said,"Boys,I have to go to town and I want you to take care of Ben. You can carry him together but be careful!"Although they thought Ben was too young to take risks,they still took him.
When the three arrived at the shore,they were lucky to find an old rowboat with oars(桨）。Carl and Simon took turns to paddle(划桨）the boat.
Suddenly they noticed the old boat leaking slowly. Carl asked them not to worry and said that they could empty water when they got back. But as the boys neared the island,they struck a rock hidden under the water. It enlarged the hole,more water pouring in. They were glad to be safe on shore!
＂How can we get back with the weight of us?"Simon wondered.
Carl answered"You row Ben across,and then come back for me. If we move fast,it won't sink with only two. "Simon agreed.
The boys started to explore the island. It was flat with many trees. In a couple of hours they had gone all around the island,but when they headed for their boat,they were shocked!Their boat was bumping against trees. The tide was coming in!The island was disappearing!
The boys took a rock and tried to fill it into the hole but they only made it worse because of the old wood. Carl thought a minute"Simon,you take Ben as fast as you can. Then run for the house and see if Dad can come to rescue me. I can climb a tree or something that will give me maybe another hour. "The brothers hugged. Then Carl turned the boat around,helped Ben get in and pushed it as hard as he could toward home
Paragraph 1:
Half an hour passed and only a small part of the island was above water now.
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Paragraph 2:
In a few minutes,dad picked up Carl into his motorboat and hugged him.
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假定你是李华，你最近参加了学校组织的“文学名著欣赏”（Appreciation of Classics)活动。请用英文给一位热衷中国传统文化的美国朋友Jack写一封信，介绍此次活动。内容
包括：
1. 活动目的：丰富校园生活，提高文学鉴赏能力；
2. 活动内容：名篇诵读与欣赏，阅读心得交流；
3. 活动体验。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jack,
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Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
A lot of people make the________________（假设）that poverty only exists in the Third World. (根据中文提示完成句子)
