阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
A bridge is a structure built 1.(cross) a river, road, valley and so on. Designs of bridges differ depending 2. the function of the bridge and the nature of the land where the bridge is constructed.
The first bridges 3.(make) of wooden logs. Most of these early bridges were poorly built and could rarely support heavy weights. It was this inadequacy that 4.(lead) to the development of better bridges. The arch was first used for bridges by the Roman Empire, some of 5. still stand today.
The oldest surviving arch stone bridge in China is the Zhaozhou Bridge, 6.date) back to the Sui Dynasty. The great bridge expert Mao Yisheng once said that 1300 years was enough to prove the completeness of its entire structure. The bridge is complex yet elegantly constructed. Taking in the whole view, you will find it a single-arch bridge. However, it is actually a vertical combination of twenty-eight 7.arch). The two smaller spans(桥拱) in the shoulders of the bridge is a 8.create) invention in the history of the bridge construction, giving the stone bridge a 9.(fair) pretty design.
This bridge will continue to stand there not only as a tourist attraction 10. a treasure for everyone to enjoy.
It was the first time in four years that my daughter Kate had been able to have a face-to-face chat with her Chinese grandfather through WeChat. Her grandfather ______ showed us his apples. Kate eagerly asked when she could eat them. Since her birth, we can’t ______ time to take her back to China. Year after year, her grandfather would save us a box of the ______ apples just in case we visited. They were kept in the cold store ______ and they must have been sweet. I vividly remember my first ______ of an apple picked straight from the tree.
A few weeks after the ______, when new blossoms(花) began to appear on the trees, an idea ______ Kate’s grandfather. If we couldn’t take our ______ back this year, he would take the apples to us. He ______ the ladder(梯子), carefully examining blossoms. Those that ______ his examination were picked off the trees. When the blossoms ______ small apples, he covered each apple with a special ______ consisting of three layers, which would ______ the young apples from brown spots and also help them ______ an even coloring. Several weeks passed and the apples were almost ready. He spent days ______ the outer layers of the bags. The inner red layers remained. If they were removed too early, the fruits would be damaged by the sunlight. Once they adapted to the ______, he removed the final layers.
From his ______, he still kept one box of his finest apples but this time he was ______ to deliver them himself. ______ for his passport and visa approved, he delicately ______ his 2-kilogram bag of best apples and headed for Scotland.
1.A. carefully B. proudly C. secretly D. briefly
2.A. devote B. cost C. spend D. afford
3.A. biggest B. sourest C. ripest D. finest
4.A. waiting B. expecting C. growing D. working
5.A. touch B. sight C. bite D. purchase
6.A. interview B. discussion C. chat D. appointment
7.A. amused B. occurred to C. crossed D. appealed to
8.A. father B. mother C. son D. daughter
9.A. climbed B. designed C. made D. fixed
10.A. escaped B. passed C. failed D. lost
11.A. burst into B. gave out C. grew into D. let out
12.A. paper B. bag C. sheet D. package
13.A. protect B. discourage C. hide D. cover
14.A. win B. achieve C. acknowledge D. undertake
15.A. sticking B. applying C. carrying D. removing
16.A. sun B. weather C. climate D. air
17.A. tree B. harvest C. experiment D. product
18.A. accustomed B. advised C. engaged D. determined
19.A. Instructions B. Recreations C. Applications D. Reservations
20.A. packed B. filled C. emptied D. delivered
I climb for all women
Between raising two daughters and working as a dishwasher at Whole Foods, the native of Nepal Lhakpa Sherpa just doesn’t have time for training to climb Qomolangma, known in the West as Mount Everest. 1. And she hopes to outdo herself this month again.
Lhakpa is recognized by Guinness World Records and is well known in mountaineering circles. 2. But as a girl growing up in the Sherpa ethnic community, she wasn’t allowed to attend school. Without a formal education, she has taken a job as a dishwasher to give her daughters and now-grown son a chance at a better life in the United States.
3. Sherpa girls were discouraged from climbing. Becoming a climber was harder, especially after the first Nepali woman to reach the summit, Pasang Lhamu Sherpa, died on her way down the mountain in 1993. Lhakpa joined an expedition of five women in 2000 who convinced the government to give them a permit. 4.
Last month, her adopted home town of West Hartford claimed her to be “Queen of Mount Everest”. Despite being known as “Queen of Mount Everest”, to many of her co-workers, she’s just Lhakpa, a very humble person. “I don’t need to be famous. 5. There is no difference in climbing a mountain. I climb for all women. I want to keep doing my sport. If I don’t do my sport, I feel tired. I want to push my limits.”
A. However, she served as a porter.
B. Even so, she has done it a record eight times.
C. I want to show that a woman can do men’s jobs.
D. Lhakpa was used to overcoming difficult situations.
E. She would have liked to be a doctor or an airplane pilot.
F. She gets up most days at 6 am to walk her two daughters to school.
G. She was the first Nepali woman to reach the summit and return alive.
China’s cancer researcher Zhu Chen, together with two French researchers Anne Dejean and Hugues de The, received Sjoberg Prize 2018 in Stockholm Concert Hall, Sweden on Friday.
“We used wisdom from both Chinese and Western medicine and offered a cure to one of the most deadly cancers, ” Chen told Xinhua, “I feel that Chinese medicine has potential to contribute more to human health. There are no borders in medicine, because it struggles for benefiting all mankind. It’s a language of peace, and of development and progress.” Chen recalled the cooperation with the two French researchers for over 30 years.
This year’s Sjoberg winners have developed a new and targeted treatment for a specific form of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukaemia(急性早幼粒白血病). It was once one of the deadliest forms of cancer, but it is now possible to cure nine out of ten patients who receive the new treatment. The winners have made this revolutionary development possible by methodically mapping the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease.
The prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is funded(资助) by the Sjoberg Foundation. The foundation, with a donation of 2.5 billion US dollars, was founded in 2016, and serves to promote scientific research that focuses on cancer, health and the environment.
The prize is an annual international prize in cancer research awarded to individual researchers or research groups. The prize amounts to one million US dollars, of which 100,000 US dollars is the prize sum and 900,000 US dollars is funding for future research.
1.Zhu Chen was awarded Sjoberg Prize for the ______.
A. research into a language B. promotion of Chinese medicine
C. treatment for a once fatal cancer D. cooperation with French researchers
2.What can we know about the Sjoberg Foundation?
A. It funds research in certain fields. B. It favors individual researchers.
C. It donates 2.5 million US dollars. D. It awards the prize annually.
3.What can the text be classified as?
A. A biography. B. A news report.
C. A science fiction. D. An advertisement.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. New cure for cancer B. No borders in medicine
C. Great contributions to human health D. Chinese scientist receiving Sjoberg Prize
The first drawings on walls appeared in caves thousands of years ago. Later the Ancient Romans and Greeks wrote their names and protest poems on buildings. Modern graffiti seems to have appeared in Philadelphia in the early 1960s, and by the late sixties it had reached New York. The new art form really took off in the 1970s, when people began writing their names, or “tags”, on buildings all over the city. In the mid-seventies it was sometimes hard to see out of a subway car window, because the trains were completely covered in spray paintings known as masterpieces.
In the early days, the “taggers” were part of street crowds who were concerned with marking their territory(领地). They worked in groups called “crews” and called what they did “writing” — the term “graffiti” was first used by The New York Times and the novelist Norman Mailer. Art galleries in New York began buying graffiti in the early seventies. But at the same time that it began to be regarded as an art form, John Lindsay, the then mayor of New York, declared the first war on graffiti. By the 1980s it became much harder to write on subway trains without being caught, and instead many of the more established graffiti artists began using roofs of buildings.
The debate over whether graffiti is art or deliberate damage is still going on. Peter Vallone, a New York city councilor, thinks that graffiti done with permission can be art, but if it is on someone else’s property it becomes a crime. “I have a message for the graffiti destroyers out there,” he said recently, “and your freedom of expression ends where my property begins.” On the other hand, Felix, a member of the Berlin-based group Reclaim Your City, says that artists are reclaiming cities for the public from advertisers, and that graffiti represents freedom and makes cities livelier.
For decades graffiti has been a springboard to international fame for a few. Jean-Michel Basquiat began spraying on the street in the 1970s before becoming a respected artist in the 80s. The Frenchman Blek le Rat and the British artist Banksy have achieved international fame by producing complex works with stencils(模板), often making political or humorous points. Works by Banksy have been sold for over £ 100,000. Graffiti is now sometimes big business.
1.Why was the seventies an important decade in the history of graffiti?
A. That was when modern graffiti first became really popular.
B. That was when modern graffiti first appeared.
C. That was when graffiti first reached New York.
D. That was when graffiti first appeared on subway car windows
2.What does the underlined word “taggers” in the second paragraph mean?
A. Names of people who graffitied.
B. Building where paints were sprayed.
C. People who marked surface with graffiti.
D. People who were interested in graffiti.
3.What can we know from the third paragraph?
A. New Yorkers think graffiti is art.
B. Graffiti was accepted by officials completely.
C. Buildings can be covered with graffiti freely.
D. There were once advertisements on city surface.
4.What is the author’s final opinion about graffiti?
A. Graffiti has now become mainstream and can benefit artists.
B. Graffiti is not a good way to become a respected artist.
C. Some popular graffiti artists end up being ignored by the art world.
D. Some graffiti caused inconvenience to the local environment.
Matthew Layton was 20 minutes from home in Sevierville, Tennessee, on a cold November night in 2016 when he got a cell phone call from his mother. “The mountain’s on fire,” she screamed, “and Brian’s up there!”
Layton’s family owned a dozen rental cabins(小屋) on Shields Mountain, and Layton’s friend and fellow rental-cabin owner, Brian McGee, age 56, was up there trying to put the fire out by himself. Layton, 32, hit the gas. He lived on the mountain too.
Layton turned around and headed for a dirt road. He made it about halfway up the steep, winding path before his front-wheel-drive car gave up. He called McGee, who drove down in his pickup so they could fight the fire together.
They headed first to Layton’s rental cabins. “I wanted to make sure our guests were gone. They were,” says Layton. At that point, he had a choice: try to save his cabins or rescue people renting other cabins nearby. “On the mountain, you don’t have many locals. They’re mostly tourists who don’t know their way around,” he says.
Over the next two hours, the two friends drove through the smoky mountain, knocking on doors and leading panicked people to safety. “I know that mountain so well,” Layton says, “I could drive and know exactly where I am just by time traveled.” Thanks to their brave and immediate action, the two helped 14 people out of the danger.
Fourteen people died that night in Sevier County. But the fire didn’t take away a single life on Shields Mountain. And though his home and business were destroyed, Layton remains calm. “I wasn’t worried about my loss, not when I saw those families trapped on the mountain,” he says, “I knew I was gonna help them.”
1.Where was Layton when the fire broke out?
A. Visiting his mother. B. Away from his home.
C. Heading for the cabins. D. Driving on a dirt road.
2.What can we learn from Para. 2 & 3?
A. Layton’s car broke down halfway. B. Brian was in charge of Layton’s cabins.
C. Layton picked up Brian on the path. D. Brian lived in the mountain alone.
3.Why could the two friends rescue the people?
A. They put out the fire before it spread. B. They turned to locals for help.
C. Layton was familiar with the area. D. Brian gave up his own cabins.
4.What did Layton mean in the last paragraph?
A. He blamed himself. B. He suffered a lot.
C. He felt sorry. D. He was relieved.
