Do teenagers know how to sleep? If you’re the parent of teens, you might be laughing to yourself. That’s all they know how to do. In truth, teens might not know enough about how to sleep, when to sleep and why.1. .
Just as we focus on our diets and exercise for health, we need to consider sleep necessary to our mental, physical and psychological health. “Good” sleep is sleep that is long enough to allow your brain to remove the side effects of daytime brain activity. Consistent bed times and wakeup times are the key to keeping our sleep cycles.2..
Teens are social creatures, and the most attractive social “gathering” place these days is on their digital devices.3.. Ideally, we should avoid blue light for at least half an hour before bed. But social media and homework that requires screen time mean too many kids are powering up their devices when their bodies should be powering down for the night.
4.. Equally contributing to sleep issues are eating too late, taking naps, and failing to get enough exercise. In other words, these people never learned how to sleep.
Over time, poor sleep leads to a decline in mood.5.. Significantly, when I speak to my adult patients who are struggling with sleep issues, nearly all of them say their sleep problems started in high school.
Therefore, I recommend sleep education. Otherwise, we won’t necessarily solve the health, safety and economic issues of sleepy teens.
A. When they are disturbed, our sleep is affected
B. Going to bed too late is only one part of sleep problems
C. Being exposed to blue light from our screens delays sleep
D. Current school schedules allow for about seven hours of sleep a night
E. It also contributes to a lot of medical issues, from being fat to heart disease
F. Later school start time really contributes to more sleep and improved health
G. As far as I’m concerned, one important element is missing: sleep education
What’s small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you said bees or hummingbirds, you got it. You wouldn’t be the first if you mixed the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.
Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals search for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowers were located relative to others. It was “almost like an algorithm(算法)” for efficient searching, said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.
As the field of animal cognition(认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically aren’t.
But however they perceive(感知) or process information, they both experience similar information, Dr. Pritchard said. In day-to-day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bee’s-eye view than a bird’s-eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when travelling long distances, but they don’t use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flower’s original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching — hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to its memory and using those as references later.
1.What is the center of research on hummingbirds and bees in the 1970s?
A. Memory.
B. Movement rules.
C. Reward calculating.
D. Information processing.
2.Which subject’s research methods were adopted to study the learning ability of Hummingbirds?
A. Math.
B. Biology.
C. Ecology.
D. Psychology.
3.How do researchers find out that hummingbirds are not like birds?
A. By setting them free.
B. By moving flowers.
C. By matching view.
D. By making maps.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Hummingbirds and Bees
B. Hummingbirds in the Lab
C. New Trends in Studying Bees
D. Thinking of Hummingbirds as Bees
At your next meeting, wait for a pause in conversation and try to measure how long it lasts.
Among English speakers, chances are that it will be a second or two at moat. But while this pattern may be universal, our awareness of silence differs dramatically across cultures.
What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of reflection and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said. Research in Dutch(荷兰语) and also in English found that when a silence in conversation stretches to four seconds, people start o feel uneasy, In contrast, a separate study of business meetings found that Japanese people are happy with silences of 8.2 seconds-nearly twice as long as in Americans’ meetings.
In Japan. it is recognized that the best communication is when you don’t speak at all. It's already a failure to understand each other by peaking because you’re repairing that failure by using word.
In the US， it may start from the history of colonial（殖民地的） America as a crossroads of many different races. When you have a complex of difference. it's hard to develop common understanding unless you talk and there’s understandably a kind of anxiety unless people are verbally devoted to developing a common life. This applies also to some extent lo London.
In contrast, when there’s more homogeneity, perhaps it s easier or some kinds of silence to appear. For example, among your closest friends and family it's easier to sit in silence than with people you 're less well acquainted with.
1.Which of the following people might have the longest silence in conversation?
A. The Dutch B. Americans
C. 'The English. D. The Japanese
2.What might the Japanese agree with in conversation?
A. Speaking more gives the upper hand
B. Speak out what you have in your mind.
C. Great minds think alike without words
D. The shorter talking silence, the better
3.What can we learn from the text?
A. A four-second silence in conversation is universal
B. It 's hand for Americans to reach n common agreement
C. English speakers are more talkative than Japanese speakers.
D. The closer we and our family are, the easier the silence appears
4.What does the underlined word "homogeneity in the last paragraph mean?
A. Similarity B. Difference
C. Diversity. D. Misunderstanding
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假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Mike来信告诉你，他即将来中国生活一年。请你写封回信给他，简要告知他在中国生活需要了解的一些事情，比如中国的美食、旅游、以及购物等。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（
），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（
）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Patience is of great importance in our daily life. Once I waited a bus to come at a stop. 30 minutes past, but no bus came. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to walk on feet. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Being impatient will possible waste all the effort that we have put it in. Now whenever I am close to lose my patience, I’ll think of this experience.
