Alison Malmon was completing the end of her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania, US, when she got the news: Her older brother Brian, a student at Columbia University, was suffering from mental illness.
Influenced by this, Malmon formed a group at her university to enable students to talk openly about mental health. It soon blossomed into a national organization that today has more than 450 campus chapters. Leaders with the organization spend their time talking with college students about the pressure that today’s young people face. “What you hear often is just a need to be perfect,” said Malmon, “and a need to present oneself as perfect.”
And a new study in the UK proved that this need for perfectionism is simply part of today’s society. In the study, two researchers studied more than 40,000 students from the US, Canada, and the UK. They found that what they called “socially-prescribed (社会定向型的) perfectionism” increased by a third between 1989 and 2016.
Lead researcher Thomas Curran said that while so many of today’s young people try to present a perfect appearance online, social media isn’t the only reason behind this trend. Instead, he said, it may be driven by competition in modern society, meaning young people can’t avoid being sorted and ranked in both education and employment. That comes from new norms (准则) like greater numbers of college students, standardized testing and parenting that increasingly emphasizes success in education.
For example, in 1976, half of high school seniors expected to get a college degree of some kind. By 2008, more than 80 percent expected the same. The researchers also said changes in parenting styles over the last two decades might have had an impact. As parents feel increased pressure to raise successful children, they in turn pass their “achievement anxieties” onto their kids through “excessive (过多的) involvement in their child’s routines, activities or emotions.”
Those in the mental health community like Malmon say they’re concerned about the impact the culture of perfectionism has on mental health on campuses. “Mental health has truly become this generation’s social justice issue,” she said. “It’s our job to equip them with the tools and to let people know that it’s not their fault.”
1.What is the article mainly about?
A. The effects of the culture of perfectionism.
B. Research into the trend of perfectionism.
C. A group dedicated to helping people stay mentally healthy.
D. Various pressures that today’s young people are facing.
2.What inspired Alison Malmon to start a group related to mental health?
A. Her brother’s mental illness.
B. Her project during the freshman year.
C. The pressure she had experienced.
D. Her strong interest in mental health.
3.What may be pushing today’s young people to struggle to be perfect, according to the article?
a. The impact of social media.
b. Parents’ high expectations of their children.
c. The decreasing number of college students.
d. The fierce competition in society.
e. Their desire to draw their parents’ attention.
A. a, b, c B. a, d, e
C. a, b, d D. b, c, e
4.What does Malmon think is a way to help young people manage the pressure of perfectionism?
A. Enabling them to know what is to blame for their pressure.
B. Lowering their expectations of themselves.
C. Reducing parents’ involvement in their children’s life.
D. Making them aware of what true social justice is.
Differences in land usage, building height, tree cover, rooftop color, and even how orderly the streets are all have an effect on temperature. Taken together, these factors can result in hyper-localized differences in the heat felt throughout a city, which in turn can have a big effect on who's most threatened by heatwaves. That is why citizen scientists are starting to map the urban heat island effect.
Later this month, a team of researchers and about 20 volunteers will spread out across Washington D.C. and Baltimore to take the cities’ temperatures. Equipped with instruments that record temperature data every second, they’ll drive or bike the same route three times to create a snapshot(快照) of how temperatures vary throughout the day. Those snapshots will then be collected to produce detailed maps of heat differences.
“If similar research conducted in Richmond, Virginia last July is any guide, those differences can be quite large. Temperatures in more industrial parts of Richmond reached 102°F (38.9°C) on the same day that a nearby shade-filled park topped out at 87°F (30.6°C)”, said Jeremy Hoffman, a researcher with the Science Museum of Virginia.
Based on the data collected throughout Richmond last year, project member Vivek Shandas at Portland State University and his colleagues were able to produce maps of urban heat across the city as well as heat vulnerability(脆弱性), which takes socioeconomic differences into account. Those maps are now being used to inform a citywide master plan update and a climate resilience(复原) plan.
Shandas and Hoffman plan to produce similar maps from this month's campaigns in D.C. and Baltimore. Finally, the two are hoping to scale up this effort even further. Shandas said he wish to create an off-the-shelf set of guidelines that any city can use to launch its own heat island campaign and generate citywide temperature maps.
Hoffman sees this as a way to help people to relate climate change to their own lives, and then actually do something about it. "The volunteers serve as a feedback mechanism to spread the findings," he said. "We can do heat island assessments using satellites, but we want a team of volunteers measuring temperatures in their neighborhoods to gain a better understanding of where they live."
1.The heat differences throughout the city result from the following factors except ________.
A. height of buildings B. usage of land
C. layout of streets D. social economy
2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. In Richmond, the difference of temperature between industrial parts and the nearby park can reach 15°C on the same day.
B. The maps of heat differences across Richmond make little contributions to the city plans.
C. The researchers will appoint volunteers to take the temperatures in
D. C. and Baltimore to cut down the expense.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “off-the-shelf” in paragraph 5?
A. superb B. available
C. tough D. random
Text E
1.Who is the manager of Finance Department?
A. Carmin Donkin B. Antonio Parejo
C. Francisco Garcia D. Jane Sullivan
2.What’s the purpose of Text B?
A. To help staff contact colleagues.
B. To ask to change the time of a meeting.
C. To give personal details to the employer.
D. To inform staff of the changes to a meeting.
3.What does “Please print” in text D mean?
A. Use a printer.
B. Send an email.
C. Sign your name.
D. Write very clearly.
4.What should you do if your department needs paper urgently?
A. Complete a form.
B. Go to Head Office.
C. Contact the Stationery Manager.
D. Telephone Finance Manager.
随着年龄的增长，我们总想挣脱父母的怀抱，渐渐和父母产生分歧。假设你是李华，某中学英语杂志社正在开展题为 “How to get along well with your parents” 的征文活动。请你根据以下要点写一篇征文稿。
1. 事前要跟父母沟通，征求他们的建议；
2. 跟父母意见不一致时要保持冷静；
3. 多花时间跟父母在一起，跟他们一块郊游等。
注意：1. 词数：120左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
How to get along well with your parents
As you are growing, you may want to be free from your parents _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Yesterday I was asked to send my grandmother to the school bus stop, because she is not able to walk through the snow with his walker. There was a mom walked with her little son in the same direction. The boy was screaming and crying all way. Before my grandmother left by bus, I walked back with the mom and she told me that the boy could make up sounds but no words at this point. I held up my hand to the boy, which was walking, and he took it. He was content with my hands while I chatted with his mom. I felt he trusted me. It made me very happily, too.
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
We may not have to wait much longer before immortality (永生，不朽) becomes a reality. 1.(science) from Sweden are reportedly developing ways related to artificial intelligence technology to create “fully conscious copies” of people 2. their death. They want to use AI to reconstruct the voices of the dead to allow people to communicate with their friends and family 3. are no longer alive. The robots might 4.(equip) to answer simple questions related to the weather, time and more. Put simply, a robot clone of your grandma could become a next generation voice assistant, just like 5. we communicate with Siri.
“This is not the 6.(one) time such an idea has come into mind,” famous futurist Dr. MIchio Kaku said. He believes we could soon be able to upload our minds to machines, 7.allow) us to speak to our loved ones after we or they die. Billionaire tech giant Elon Musk has an entire company to 8.(potential) do that, called Neuralink. It focuses 9. developing a technology that will enable uploading and downloading of thoughts.
For this, researchers are seeking volunteers willing to offer10.(they) dead relatives for study.
