A 16-year survey on the arctic Norwegian island of Svalbard found the reindeer（驯鹿）there have declined in weight by an alarming 12 percent. The reduction in average body-mass is being blamed on global warming.
In research presented lately at a meeting of the British Ecological Society in Liverpool, scientists will explain how rising temperatures are making female reindeer difficult to obtain nutrients during important periods of being pregnant.
Snow in Svalbard typically covers the ground for eight months of the year, which, combined with low temperatures, limits grass growth to June and July. But as summer temperatures have increased by around 1.5℃, grasslands have become more productive, allowing female reindeer to gain more weight by the autumn and therefore to conceive（孕育）more calves.
However, warmer winters have brought with them greater rainfall which freezes when is settles on the snow, therefore locking out the reindeer from the life-supporting food below. As a result, female reindeer are becoming starved, causing them to give birth to much lighter young. The average mass of an adult reindeer in 1998, when the survey began, was 55kg, but by 2016 IT had dropped to 48kg.
Professor Steve Albon, an ecologist at the James Hatton Institute in Aberdeen , said that, because the mammals have a relatively high surface-area-to-volume ratio（表面积与体积比）, they are no particularly energy efficient.
Reindeer can often access the inadequate food sources beneath the snow by clearing IT away with their antlers（鹿角）, but they cannot break through the hard ice. Without access to the food in winter, calves are being born far lighter than they should be. Numbers of reindeer have also increased rapidly in the past 20 years, meaning that those which are born are facing greater competition for food. “The implication（含义）are that there may well be more smaller reindeer in the Arctic in the coming decades, but possibly at the risk of catastrophic die-offs because of increased ice on the ground,”said Professor Albon Despite the gloomy findings, reindeer appear to be suffering less from the impact of climate change than some other arctic species.
1.Which of the following may be the most important reason for the smaller reindeer?
A. Heavy snow.
B. Greater rainfall.
C. Hard ice.
D. Global warming.
2.According to the passage, rising temperatures will not lead to_________.
A. grass growing more rapidly in summer
B. more rainfall in the arctic area in winter
C. female reindeer’s gaining more weight in winter
D. female reindeer’s suffering from hunger in winter
3.What does the underlined word“gloomy”in the last paragraph mean?
A. Exciting.
B. Optimistic.
C. Disappointing.
D. Doubtful.
4.How does the writer develop the passage?
A. By analyzing the research.
B. By classification of reindeer.
C. By comparing opinions of experts.
D. By telling stories of different species.
Laziness is a state of inaction. It is something that you do, not something that you are. Being lazy means you have no motivation to do anything. Many people make the mistake that they view themselves as lazy.
Lazy people are often seen as useless. They are the ones who don’t do anything. They can be seen as underachievers or even bums（废物）. This can be a child or an adult. You can view a student who never studies as lazy. You can see an employee who doesn’t do his work as lazy. In all of these cases, what the lazy person is doing is being lazy. But are they really being lazy or are they acting lazy?
There is a huge different between saying you act lazy sometimes and you are a lazy person. One is suggesting that your laziness is temporary while the other suggests that it’s permanent. This is the myth of laziness. People who are lazy aren’t; they simply are people who are temporarily acting that way.
So that causes a person to be inactive? The answer is a lack of goals. If you give someone a good enough reason to do something, they will do it. People who don’t seem to do anything just haven’t found a good enough reason to do something. Lazy students don’t study because they don’t see the point in studying. If you give them a reason, a strong enough reason, they will take action.
For example, if you are too lazy to go to the gym, would you go if someone offered you a million dollars to go? If you are too lazy to go to clean out the garage, would someone pointing a gun to your head help you take action? The reason can be positive or negative as long as it’s strong enough to induce（引起）action.
To motivate someone who is lazy, what you need to do is to help them find purpose and enough reasons to work towards a certain goal.
1.According to the passage, who can be viewed as acting lazy?
A. A student who always cheats out the garage.
B. A husband who never cleans out the garage.
C. A clerk who si always scolded for being useless.
D. A mother who doesn’t feel like cooking on Sunday.
2.The main reason why people are not active is that___________.
A. they are aimless
B. they lack enough money
C. they have too many negative feelings
D. they find no point in learning new things
3.The purpose of the writing is to help readers___________.
A. to recognize one’s weakness
B. to see laziness in a different way
C. to have a clear idea about what a habit is
D. to inspire students to be hard-working
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. Being lazy and cat lazy
B. Laziness and motivation
C. Temporary and permanent.
D. Being positive and negative
Sonya and her family have been homeless since she was 3 years old. Over the years, they have moved more than 15times to different shelters around New York City. Moving around was hard on Sonya。At school, Sonya hid her homeless from teachers and other students. She didn’t want to be treated differently from other kids.
In sixth grade, Sonya discovered a way to deal with some of her stress. She began studying dance at her middle school. “IT was a way for me to express myself, instead of just holding everything in,”she explains. Soon, Sonya auditioned（试演）for a summer dance camp run by Alvin Alley, a famous dance company. She was accepted. “I was excited,”says Sonya.
Dancing became an even more important part of Sonya’s life in high school. But things were not going well for Sonya at school. Each time her family moved to a new shelter, Sonya often took care of her younger sisters and brothers. She helped them get ready in the morning and took them to school. They would be on time, but Sonya would be late.
Worrying about her family kept Sonya from thinking about her own future. That changed the summer after 11th grade. Sonya learned she would have to go to summer school to graduate. She became determined to succeed, no matter what. “It was a wake-up call,”she says.“I had to focus on school and on myself.”
Sonya made up the work that she had missed, and finally graduated from high school. No one in her family had gone to college before. But in September 2015, Sonya enrolled in the State University of New York at Potsdam. She plans to become a doctor for kids and to teach dance to children who have disabilities.
1.According to the text, Sonya_____________.
A. learned to dance at the age of 3
B. kept moving to a better school
C. hid to secrets from her teachers
D. became homeless at an early age
2.From Sonya’s experience, we can infer__________.
A. she could express herself by dancing
B. teachers and other students laughed at her
C. Sonya determined to be a doctor for people with disabilities
D. her sisters and brothers stopped her from thinking about her future
3.By saying“IT was a wake-up call,” Sonya means that__________.
A. she needed to teach herself
B. she must support her family
C. she should focus on dancing
D. she had to finish high school
4.What’s the main idea of the text?
A. A girl finds hope through dance.
B. Dancing makes people confident.
C. Sonya dreams of becoming a dance star.
D. More and more kids stay at shelters in New York.
Sherlock: The Abominable Bride.
Release date: January 1, 2016
Price: $8
Plot: Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson travel back to the Victorian era to solve the case of “The Abominable Bride”
The Revenant
Release date: January 8, 2016
Price: $6
Plot: In the 1820s,a frontiersman，Hugh Glass，sets out on a path of vengeance against those who left him for dead after a bear mauling.
The Fifth Wave:
Release date: January 15,2016
Price: $6.5
Plot：Four waves of increasingly deadly attacks have left most of Earth decimated. Against a backdrop of fear and distrust, Cassie is on the run, desperately trying to save her younger brother. As she prepares for the fifth wave, Cassie teams up with a young man who may become her final hope-if she can only trust him.
Kung Fu Panda 3
Release date: January 29, 2016
Price:Adult$7.5 Child（aged six &up）$3.5
Plot：Po reunites with his biological father and travels with him to a secret sanctuary of pandas where, to his surprise, he does not fit in. There he meets Mei Mei, an overly eager panda, who had been promised to Po through an arranged marriage when they were children. To make matters worse, an evil ancient spirit called Kai begins terrorizing China and stealing the powers of defeated kung fu masters. Now, in the face of incredible odds, Po must learn to train a village of clumsy, fun-loving pandas to become a band of Kung Fu Pandas.
1.Which of the following films is about detection?
A. The Revenant.
B. Kung Fu Panda 3.
C. The Fifth Wave.
D. Sherlock: The Abominable Bride.
2.If a couple with a child aged 7 want to watch Kung Fu Panda 3, they will pay_________.
A. $15
B. $10.5
C. $18.5
D. $14.5
3.This passage may be taken from_________.
A. a story book.
B. a guidebook for tourists.
C. a magazine about science.
D. an entertainment poster.
假定你是李华，计划组织一次郊游，请给你的英国朋友Chris写封邮件邀请他参加。内容包括：
1.参加者；
2.时间、地点；
3.活动：登山、野餐等。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
On a bright, warm July afternoon, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling from his home to Alaska with his friends. One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry on, and they would catch up with him soon. As Mac pedaled ( 骑行)
along alone, he thought fondly of his wife and two young daughters at home. He hoped to show them this beautiful place someday.
Then Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that's a big dog!" he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw instantly that it wasn’t a dog at all,but a wolf:, quickly catching up with him.
Mac’s heart jumped. He found out his can of hear spray. With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief, it fell back, shaking its head. But a minute later, it was by his side again. Then it attacked the back of Mac's
bike, tearing open his tent hag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back only to quickly restart the chase（追赶）。
Mac was pedaling hard now. He waved and yelled at passing cars but was careful not to show down. He was a steep uphill climb before him. He knew that manfen5 once he hit the hill, he’d be easy caught up and the wolf’s teeth would be tearing into his flesh.
At this moment, Paul and Beeky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They didn’t think much of it when they saw two cyclists repairing their bike on the side of the road. A bit later, they spotted what they, too, assumed was a dog running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the dog was a wolf. Mac heard a large vehicle behind him. He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October ,while tending her garden in Mora ,Sweden ,Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away .But something made her look closer ,and she noticed a 57 (shine) object .Yes ,there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house .“she thought I had hurt 59 (I),”says Pahlsson Sixteen years 60 (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she
wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She
supected that one of her three daughters-then ten. eight, and six- had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (seareh) the kitchen, checking every corner. but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again," she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
