Scientists investigated why Ebola virus is so deadly when it spreads from animals to humans and then from human-to-human contact. The research team looked at the Zaire Ebola virus in an animal system to understand how it gains strength. This virus is responsible for the current outbreak in West Africa. They found that initially the animal systems were not affected by the virus, but succeeding transmission(传送) into other animals caused the virus to “hot up” and become more severe.
The team analyzed the viruses at different stages and were able to identify several changes in its genetic material that were associated with increased disease.
Professor Julian Hiscox, who led the study from the University’s Institute of Infection and Global Health, explains: “The work tells us that the evolutionary goal of Ebola virus is to become more fatal.”
“We were able to show through genetic analysis which parts of the virus are involved in this process. The information we have gathered will now allow us to monitor for such changes in an outbreak as well as develop future treatment strategies.”
Professor Roger Hewson, leading the study from Public Health England, Porton Down, said: “Ebola virus is such a destructive infection to the people affected by the disease and the economy of West Africa.”
“Our understanding of Ebola virus biology is way behind that of other viruses and our cooperation shows how we can bring together our specialists’ skills to close this knowledge gap.”
Professor Miles Carroll, a co-author of the work, said: “This study has allowed the team to be at the forefront of developing methodologies to analyze patient samples recently taken by the European Mobile Laboratory from West Africa to understand disease evolution during the current outbreak.”
1.What does the first paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How severe Ebola virus is.
B. How Ebola virus spreads.
C. How Ebola virus gradually becomes deadly.
D. What contributions scientists have made on Ebola virus.
2.Which of the following statements is mentioned in the passage?
A. In the first stage, the virus hurts its victims much.
B. As the virus spreads, it’ll change and become more and more deadly.
C. The research in Ebola virus is more advanced than that in other viruses.
D. The scientists have a negative attitude to the research in Ebola virus.
3.The underlined word “fatal” has the closest meaning to ______.
A. optimistic B. deadly
C. common D. fantastic
4.Where can we probably read this passage?
A. In a science report. B. In a storybook.
C. In an advertisement. D. In a textbook.
Some people think if you are happy, you are blind to reality. But when we research it, happiness actually raises every single business and educational outcome for the brain. How did we miss this? Why do we have these social misunderstandings about happiness? Because we assumed you were average. When we study people, scientists are often interested in what the average is.
Many people think happiness is genetic. That’s only half the story, because the average person does not fight their genes. When we stop studying the average and begin researching positive outliers —people who are above average for a positive aspect like optimism or intelligence —a wildly different picture appears. Our daily decisions and habits have a huge impact upon both our levels of happiness and success.
Scientifically, happiness is a choice. It is a choice about where your single processor brain will devote its limited resources as you process the world. If you scan for the negative first, your brain really has no resources left over to see the things you are grateful for or the meaning embedded(嵌入) in your work. But if you scan the world for the positive, you start to acquire an amazing advantage.
I wrote the cover story for the Harvard Business Review magazine on “Happiness Leads to Profits.” Based on my article called “Positive Intelligence” and my research in The Happiness Advantage, I summarized our researched conclusion: the single greatest advantage in the modern economy is a happy and busy workforce.
A decade of research in the business world proves that happiness raises nearly every business and educational outcome: increasing sales by 37%, productivity by 31%, and accuracy on tasks by 19%, as well as a number of health and quality-of-life improvements.
1.The underlined word “this” in the first paragraph refers to .
A. the fact that people are happy
B. the connection between happiness and educational outcome
C. the fact that people often misunderstand happiness
D. the fact that most people are average
2.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Scientists are only interested in what the average is.
B. You can choose to be happy or not.
C. The average are not happy at all.
D. Our decisions and habits have nothing to do with happiness.
3.Why does the writer mention his articles and research?
A. To advertise himself.
B. To arouse the readers’ interest.
C. To support his point about happiness.
D. To attract the readers to read his articles.
4.What is the author’s purpose of writing this article?
A. To explain what is happiness.
B. To describe the misunderstandings about happiness.
C. To show people the importance of happiness.
D. To make the point that happiness promotes business and educational outcome.
I was sure that I was to be killed. I became terribly nervous. I fumbled(摸索) in my pockets to see if there were any cigarettes, which had escaped their search. I found one and because of my shaking hands, I could barely get it to my lips. But I had no matches, they had taken those. I looked through the bars at the guard. He did not make eye contact with me. I called out to him “Have you got a light?” He looked at me, shrugged and came over to light my cigarette. As he came close and lit the match, his eyes unconsciously locked with mine. At that moment, I smiled. I don’t know why I did that. Perhaps it was nervousness, perhaps it was because, when you get very close, one to another, it is very hard not to smile. In any case, I smiled. In that instant, it was as though a spark jumped across the gap between our two hearts, our two human souls. I know he didn’t want to, but my smile leaped through the bars and caused a smile on his lips, too. He lit my cigarette but stayed near, looking at me directly in the eyes and continuing to smile.
I kept smiling at him, now thinking of him as a person and not just a guard. "Do you have kids?" he asked. “Yes, here, here.” I took out my wallet and nervously fumbled for the pictures of my family. He, too, took out the pictures of his family and began to talk about his plans and hopes for them. My eyes filled with tears. I said that I feared that I’d never see my family again, never have the chance to see them grow up. Tears came to his eyes, too. Suddenly, without another word, he unlocked my cell and silently led me out. Out of the prison, quietly and by back routes, out of the town. There, at the edge of town, he released me. And without another word, he turned back toward the town.
1.What had happened to the man before ?
A. He had been badly treated.
B. He had killed someone.
C. He had been searched.
D. He had been forbidden to get in touch with anyone.
2.Why did the man want to smoke cigarettes?
A. Because he was sure he was to be killed.
B. Because he wanted to ease his nervousness.
C. Because he wanted to talk to the guard.
D. Because he was used to smoking cigarettes.
3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The man was a heavy smoker.
B. The man smiled to please the guard.
C. The guard set the man free with permission.
D. The man hadn’t thought the guard would set him free.
4.What do you think finally saved the man’s life?
A. The smile. B. The cigarette.
C. The tears. D. The wallet.
从2016年底以来，共享单车突然就在国内火爆起来。重庆的街头巷尾也随处可见小黄车的身影，确为大家带来了许多便利。可存取不限的共享单车也可谓命运多舛：被恶意破坏，刷漆据为己有，关进自家走廊不让别人用等不良现象也屡屡被媒体曝光。学生作为共享单车主要的使用群体之一，请分享你对此现象的看法。
内容提示：1. 共享单车的现状和问题
2. 你对这些问题的看法
3. 你的建议
注意：(1)词数100字左右；
(2)符合语言规范，行文连贯。
备用词汇：shared bicycle 共享单车
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏子符号（∧）并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
For many people, music has always been part of life, and they listen to music on radio, on iPod and on Internet. As is vividly showing in the picture, the music fan is trying to download songs he enjoys. But the website requires payment first every time he wanted to download something, that annoys him. How he wishes the music is all free!
Many people are used to free music being downloaded from the Internet without realizing they have done harm for others’ right. Music artists work very hardly to compose music. If not paid, he will lose enthusiasm to go ahead, and gradually we will find beautiful musics nowhere.
1.Even the most gifted can have c_____ (信心) destroyed by the wrong instructor.
2.Johnston’s name was obviously a_____(缺席) from the list.
3.The mother b_____(弯腰) over and kissed the baby on her cheek.
4.They cannot cope with the huge cost a_____(积累) over the past few years.
5.He f_____(原谅) her for what she had said to him.
6.The little girl kept her eyes f_____(注视) on the wall behind him.
7.It is very c_____(考虑周到的) of you to send me a postcard.
8.After a long h_____(犹豫), he told the truth at last.
9.Their p_____(目的) is to build a fair society and a strong economy.
10.A_____(调整) your tie is often a sign of nervousness.
