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Punctuation (标点) Is for Clarity When you...

Punctuation (标点) Is for Clarity

When you talk, you do not depend upon words alone to tell your listener what you mean. 1. You shrug a shoulder, raise an eyebrow, clasp hands, bend forward or backward, stamp your foot, nod or shake your head. These body languages may vary from culture to culture but they do help the speakers to convey meanings. 2. You yell or whisper; speak calmly or angrily; lower or raise your voice at the end of a statement or a question. Meaning in talk is also affected by pauses and silence, which are often as significant as words themselves. 3.

Similarly, when we write, we cannot expect words alone to make clear to our reader what we have in mind. The pauses, stresses and gestures which occur in speech must be represented in writing by various marks of punctuation if meaning is to be fully clear. 4.

Punctuation came into existence only for the purpose of making clear the meaning of writing words. Every mark of punctuation is a sort of road sign provided to help the reader along his way.5. It is harmful or ineffective if it interrupts the flow of thought from your mind to that of your readers.

A. Each of us has probably seen a skilled actor convey ideas and moods without using any words at all.

B. The practice of punctuation, however, has been changing in the last two centuries.

C. Facial and body gestures can and do add much to the words themselves.

D. The needs of the eye are quite different from those of the ear.

E. Additionally, the tones and stress of your voice can and do influence the meanings of words you speak.

F. Punctuation began to become standard in the middle of the 19th century.

G. Punctuation is effective if it helps the reader to understand.

 

1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.G 【解析】文章讲述了人们说话时不单单依靠语言来告诉听众你的意思,还可以通过面部表情,肢体语言,以及语音语调来表达说话人的意思。 1.句意:面部表情与肢体语言能传递更多的信息。根据“When you talk, you do not depend upon words alone to tell your listener what you mean.”当你说话的时候,你不单单依靠语言来告诉听众你的意思,以及“You shrug a shoulder, raise an eyebrow, clasp hands,…” 你耸耸肩膀,抬起眉毛,紧握双手…。故选C。 2.句意:此外,你的声音的语调和重音会影响你所说的话的含义。根据“You yell or whisper; speak calmly or angrily; lower or raise your voice at the end of a statement or a question. Meaning in talk is also affected by pauses and silence, which are often as significant as words themselves” 你叫喊或耳语;平静地或愤怒地说话;在陈述或问题结束时降低或提高你的声音。会话中的意义也受到停顿和沉默的影响,这通常和词语本身一样重要。故选E。 3.句意:我们每个人都可能看到一个熟练的演员传达思想和情绪,而不使用任何话。根据“Meaning in talk is also affected by pauses and silence, which are often as significant as words themselves.” 会话中的意义也受到停顿和沉默的影响,这通常和词语本身一样重要。故选A。 4.句意:眼睛的需要与耳朵有很大的不同。根据“The pauses, stresses and gestures which occur in speech must be represented in writing by various marks of punctuation if meaning is to be fully clear.” 在讲话中出现的停顿、强调和手势必须用标点符号来表示,如果意思是完全清楚的话。故选D。 5.句意:标点符号能有效地帮助人们理解。根据“Every mark of punctuation is a sort of road sign provided to help the reader along his way.” 标点符号的每一个标记都是一种路标,用来帮助读者阅读。故选G。
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You open your eyes and mouth wide if you see a live rat in your bedroom but you wrinkle your nose and narrow your eyes if you see a dead one in the road. Why is that? Facial  expressions are usually thought of as simple tools of communication. But in his book The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, Charles Darwin proposed that they may prepare us to react to different situations when he noticed that some expressions seemed to be used across cultures and even species. Now Joshua Susskind and his colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, have put that idea to the test.

Susskind’s team wondered whether the expressions of fear might improve how sensory (感官的) information is acquired and so sharpen senses. Conversely disgust (厌恶) might weaken the senses, sheltering us from unpleasant sights and smells.

The researchers asked volunteers to complete various tests while holding a fearful, disgusted or neutral expression. In one test, they had to identify when a spot entered their sight. In another they were required to shift their focus as quickly as possible between two targets on a computer screen. It was also measured how much air the volunteers breathed in while expressing fear and disgust.

In each case the wide-eyed faces let significantly more of the world in. Volunteers with wide-open eyes detected surrounding objects more quickly and performed side-to-side eye movements faster. They also took in more air with each breath without any extra effort. An MRI (核磁共振) scan showed the nasal cavity (鼻腔) was enlarged while volunteers held this expression, which could be linked with a greater ability to absorb smells.

“These changes confer the idea that fear, for example, is a posture towards sensory sharpening while disgust a posture towards sensory rejection,” says Susskind. His team is already at work on experiments to explore to what extent the brain can use this extra information to enhance performance.

1.Charles Darwin’s book proposed that facial expressions might _____.

A. act as a simple tool of communication

B. get people ready to the changes of circumstances

C. be difficult to understand in different cultures

D. equip people with the knowledge of other species

2.In Joshua Susskind’s research, the researchers _____.

A. wondered whether there existed other expressions of fear

B. wanted subjects to use facial expressions to complete tests

C. wanted to test how much air subjects breathed in normally

D. wondered whether expressions of disgust weakened our senses

3.The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 means that _____.

A. wide-eyed expressions would help you understand the world better

B. facial expressions might result in faster eye movements

C. wide-eyed expressions would help people breathe in more air

D. facial expressions might help people notice more things around

4.In the last paragraph, what might be the new thinking of facial expressions?

A. They might tell the brain how to make use of the facial information.

B. They might explain why people consider fear as a posture towards sharper senses.

C. They might provide extra information to brains thus enhancing performance.

D. They might clarify the relationship between brain and environments.

 

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Younger students experience school bullying (欺凌) more frequently than older ones, and male students are bullied more than their female peers, a survey found.

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The Supreme People’s Procuratorate (最高人民检察院) received about 1,900 cases related to school bullying in 2016. Meanwhile, there was a notable increase in bullying reports involving middle school students from 14 to 18 years old.

Zhou came up with some ways to solve the problem, including boosting communication between teachers, parents and students and trying to establish more harmonious relationships among children. She said it was strongly suggested that parents try to be involved in their children’s educational experience, as their presence and companionship have proved effective in reducing bullying and its negative effects.

1.Who is the most likely to become the target of bullying?

A. A 10-year-old girl from a key school

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C. A 17-year-old boy from a rich family

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A. a drop in academic performance

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D. a lack of confidence in themselves

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A. bullying at school usually leads to acute stress disorder

B. bullying on campus has been brought into sharp focus by the media

C. students who enjoy parents’ companionship will be bullying-free

D. the government should consider taking further action against bullying at school

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A. Bullying affects half of students

B. Negative effects on children caused by bullying

C. Is anything we can do about bullying?

D. The reasons for bullying on campus

 

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B. show the style of this drama

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D. make a conclusion

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B. analyze government’s policy of anti-corruption

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D. Why Are Corruption Dramas Popular?

 

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Mongolia

Mongolia was closed for quite some time and opened up to foreigners only 20 years ago. That’s probably the major reason why it is not yet experienced enough in hosting tourists. The country is beautiful, with huge spacious areas of land that are low populated. There local people are not yet used to being visited by foreign guests.

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Russia

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A. Iran

B. Kuwait

C. Mongolia

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A. You can apply for a visa for Russia at will.

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假定你是李华,是一名中学生。在一位名叫worried的学生的博客上,你看到如下内容:

I am a high school student in Grade 3. My parents always expect me to be admitted into a famous university, which makes me very sad. Though I work hard, I find it difficult to live up to their expectations. What shall I do?

请根据以上博客的内容,回复这位学生。要点如下:

1. 表示同情;2. 陈述自己的看法;3. 提出几点建议。

注意:词数100左右,开头语已为你写好,不计入总词数;

Dear Worried,

I am Li Hua, a seventeen-year-old high school student.

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

 

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