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There are many theories about the beginn...

    There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the ____ that drama evolved from ritual( 宗教仪式). The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings ____ the natural forces of the world -even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to ____ these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to ____ the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into ____ rituals. ____ stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed, some rituals were ____, but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided material for art and drama.

Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained the ____ of theatre because music, dance, masks, and ____ were almost always used. ____, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and _____the entire community did not participate, a(n) ____ division was usually made between the “area of acting” and the “area in which an audience sits”. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was ____ to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually ____ that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the ____ effect―success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun- ____ an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representatives were separated from ____ activities.

Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in ____. According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread. ____ through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily gymnastic or that are ____ of animal movements and sounds.

1.A.background B.assumption C.evidence D.theory

2.A.viewed B.employed C.clarified D.dismissed

3.A.take B.possess C.guarantee D.control

4.A.start B.show C.bring D.continue

5.A.usual B.direct C.convincing D.fixed

6.A.Apparently B.Actually C.Eventually D.Naturally

7.A.spread B.abandoned C.followed D.celebrated

8.A.seed B.content C.myth D.history

9.A.costumes B.routines C.instructions D.performances

10.A.As a result B.In fact C.On the contrary D.In addition

11.A.when B.how C.unless D.while

12.A.deep B.equal C.clear D.extra

13.A.attached B.related C.committed D.tied

14.A.put up B.took up C.took on D.put on

15.A.unexpected B.unpredicted C.prepared D.desired

16.A.whenever B.as C.whatever D.so

17.A.social B.political C.economic D.religious

18.A.accounts B.story-telling C.descriptions D.drama-writing

19.A.at that time B.at a time C.at first D.at once

20.A.imitations B.creatures C.presentations D.exhibitions

 

1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A 【解析】 本文是说明文。关于古希腊戏剧的起源存在着多种理论,本文主要介绍了其中一种理论假设:戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来的,并顺带提到另外两种理论假设。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:今天最为广泛接受的一个理论是基于戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来的假设。A. background背景;B. assumption 假定;假设;C. evidence 证据;D. theory 理论。根据后文“that drama evolved from ritual”可知这个理论认为戏剧是从宗教仪式演化而来的,这只是一种假设,故选B项。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:一开始,人类把世界上的自然力量,甚至季节的变化都看作是不可预测的。A. viewed看待;B. employed雇佣; C. clarified 澄清;D. dismissed 解散;解雇。根据后文“ as unpredictable”可知人类巴把这些都看作是不可预测的,view…as是固定搭配,意为“”把……看作是”符合句意,故选A项。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们试图通过各种方式去控制这些未知的、令人恐惧的力量。 A. take 拿;B. possess 持有;C. guarantee保证;担保;D. control 控制。根据后文“these unknown and feared powers”可知这些力量是未知的令人恐惧的,所以人类想要通过仪式来控制它们,选D项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并被重复(使用),直到它们变成了固定的宗教仪式。 A. start开始; B. show 显示;C. bring 带来;D. continue 继续。根据后文“the desired results”可知有些方法措施带来了人们想要的结果,故选C项。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并重复(使用),直到它们变成了固定的仪式。 A. usual通常的;B. direct直接的;C. convincing令人信服的; D. fixed 固定的。根据前文“were then kept and repeated”可知那些似乎带来了想要的结果的措施被保存并重复(使用), 如果一直被重复使用,那么这些措施会被固定下来,变成固定的仪式,故选D项。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意:最终出现了解释或掩盖这些仪式的神秘的故事。A. Apparently明显地;B. Actually 事实上;C. Eventually 最终; D. Naturally 自然地;天生地。根据“stories arose”可知最后出现了一些关于这些仪式的故事,故选C项。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:随着时间的推移,一些仪式被废弃了,但后来被称为神话的故事继续存在,并为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。 A. spread传播;B. abandoned放弃;遗弃; C. followed跟随; D. celebrated 庆祝。根据后文“but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist”可知但后来被称为神话的故事继续存在。根据But可知后文与空格处形成转折对比,说明有些仪式是被放弃了,但关于这些仪式的故事还在,故选B项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽,因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎经常被使用。A. seed 种子;起源;开端;B. content内容;C. myth 神话;D. history 历史。根据后文“because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used”可知这些宗教仪式用到了音乐,舞蹈,面具和表演服装,所以这些人认为这些仪式是戏剧的萌芽或者说起源,故选A项。 9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽,因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。A. costumes表演服装;B. routines日常路线;C. instructions 说明;D. performances 表演。根据后文“Wearing masks and costumes”可知仪式中人们会穿面具和表演服装,故选A项。 10. 考查词组辨析。句意:此外,必须为演出提供一个合适的场地。A. As a result结果;B. In fact 事实上;C. On the contrary相反地是;D. In addition 此外。根据后文“a suitable site had to be provided for performances”可知必须为演出提供一个合适的场地,与前文“那些相信戏剧从宗教仪式演化而来的人还认为那些仪式包含了戏剧的萌芽,因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”之间是递进关系,故选D项。 11. 考查连词词义辨析。句意:当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候,通常在“演出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。A. when当……时候;B. how怎么;怎样;C. unless除非; D. while 虽然;然而;当……时候。当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候,通常在“演出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。故选A项。 12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当不是整个社区都参加演出的时候,通常在“演出区”和“观众座位区”之间划分出明显的分界。 A. deep 深的;B. equal 平等的;C. clear 明显的;D. extra 额外的。根据后文““area of acting” and the “area in which an audience sits””可知有“演出区”和“观众座位区”,这两个分区差别很大,所以要有一个明显的分界,故选C项。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:此外,仪式中还有演员,而且由于在仪式的执行中避免错误是相当重要的,所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务。 A. attached赋予;B. related涉及;相关;C. committed 犯罪;自杀;D. tied 扣;系。根据后文“religious leaders usually that task”可知通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务,这说明在仪式的执行中避免错误这件事被赋予了重要性,并且importance be attached to实际由词组(attach importance to。高度重视….)变化而来符合语境,故选A项。 14. 考查词组辨析。句意:此外,仪式中还有演员,而且由于在仪式的执行中避免错误是相当重要的,所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务。 A. put up建造;张贴; B. took up 拿起;开始;C. took on 从事;承担; D. put on 穿上,戴上。根据前文“onsiderable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals”可知在仪式中避免错误的发生被认为是相当重要的,所以通常由宗教领袖承担这个任务,故选C项。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他们常常戴着面具,穿着戏服,像演员一样模仿其他人、动物或超自然生灵,并用哑剧表演出想要的结果——打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳的复活。 A. unexpected 出乎意料的;B. unpredicted 不可预测的; C. prepared准备好的;D. desired 渴望的。根据后文“success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun-”可知仪式中表演出来的效果有打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳的复活,胜利,雨和阳光都是人类所渴望的想要的,故选D项。 16. 考查连词词义辨析。句意:他们常常戴着面具,穿着戏服,像演员一样模仿其他人、动物或超自然生灵,并用哑剧表演出想要的结果——打猎或战斗的胜利、即将来临的雨、太阳的复活。 A. whenever 不管什么时候;B. as 像……一样;C. whatever 无论什么;D. so 所以。根据前文“Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect”可知他们常常戴着面具,穿着戏服,模仿其他人、动物或超自然生灵,并用哑剧表演出想要的结果。演员也会戴面具穿戏服并表演,所以这些人执行仪式时就像演员一样,故选B项。 17. 考查形容词词义辨析。 句意:最终,这些戏剧性的表演从宗教活动中脱离出来。 A. social社交的;B. political 政治上的;C. economic 经济的;D. religious 宗教的;信教的。这些戏剧性的表演实际都是宗教仪式,故选D项。 18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:另一种理论认为戏剧的起源源于人们对讲故事的兴趣。 A. accounts 账目;账单;B. story-telling 讲故事;说书;C. descriptions描述;D. drama-writing 戏剧创作。根据后文“According to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread.”可知根据这个理论,故事(关于狩猎,战争和其他)是先被讲述并逐渐被传播,也就是该理论认为戏剧的起源跟人们对讲故事的兴趣有关。故选B项。 19. 考查词组辨析。句意:首先,通过一个讲解人来模仿、表演和对话,然后再由不同的人扮演各自的角色。 A. at that time 那时;B. at a time每次;一次;C. at first 首先;D. at once 立刻;马上。根据“then”可知这里是关于顺序问题的,故选C项。 20. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:另一个与之紧密相连的理论将戏剧的起源追溯至舞蹈,这些舞蹈大体上是体操式的那一类,或者是对动物动作和声音的模仿。 A. imitations 仿制;仿品;B. creatures 生物;C. presentations 陈述;D. exhibitions展览。根据后文“of animal movements and sounds.”可知这些舞蹈是对动物动作和声音的模仿,故选A项。
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C.It is best known in the east coast of America.

D.Its more information can be got from gtmf. org.

3.What is the similarity of Aspen Festival and Salzburg Festival?

A.Their tickets can be got in February.

B.They will be held in the same months.

C.They both have music and opera performances.

D.Their audience can be both adults and children.

 

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