阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式
The USA is a land of immigrants. Between 1815 1. 1914, the world witnessed the greatest peaceful migration in its history: 35 million people, mostly Europeans, left their homelands to start new lives in America. Why did these people risk everything by 2. (leave) their homes and families?
First, what forced emigrants 3. (make) the decision to leave? One major cause for European farmers to leave was the rise in population, 4. in turn led to land hunger. Another was politics. There was an increased taxation and the 5. (grow) of armies, and many young men fled eastern Europe to avoid being forced to join the army.
Physical hunger provided another pressing reason. Following the collapse (衰退) of the economy of southern Italy in the 1860s, hundreds of thousands decided to start a new life in America. Religion also encouraged millions to leave the Old World.
In short, people 6. (choose) to leave their homes for social, economic and 7.(religion) reasons. As a result, by 1890 among a total population of 63 million, there were more than nine million foreign-born 8. (America).
But what were the attractions? First of all, there was the promise of land that was so scarce in Europe. Next, factories were calling for workers, and pay conditions were much better 9. back home. Men 10. (need) to open up the West and build the long railroads, and new towns needed settlers to live in and to develop business. There was the space for people to practice their faith in peace.
When I was in primary school, I got into a major argument with a boy in my class. I can't _______ what it was about, but I have never forgotten the _______ I learned that day.
I was _______ that I was right and he was wrong but he strongly believed that I was wrong and he was right. Our _______ decided to teach us a very important lesson and _______ a good idea. She ________ both of us up to the front of the class and placed him on one side of her desk and me on ________. In the middle of her desk was a large, round object. I could ________ see that it was black. She asked the boy what ________ the object was. "White," he answered in a ________ voice. I couldn't believe he said the object was white, ________ it was obviously black! Another ________ started between my classmate and me, this _______ about the color of the object.
The teacher told me to go to stand where the boy was standing and told him to come to stand where I had been. We changed ________, and now she asked me what the color of the object was. I ________ answer, "White." It was then ________ I realized I was wrong. In fact, it was an object with two _________ colored sides, and from his side it was white, ________ from my side was the color black.
My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: You must ________ yourself in the other person's shoes and look at the ________ through their eyes in order to truly understand their view.
1.A.think B.remember C.forget D.determine
2.A.class B.speech C.text D.lesson
3.A.convinced B.informed C.warned D.regretted
4.A.doctor B.parent C.partner D.teacher
5.A.kept up with B.went on with C.came up with D.got along with
6.A.woke B.brought C.advised D.came
7.A.the other B.other C.another D.others
8.A.clearly B.happily C.casually D.cautiously
9.A.height B.colour C.size D.shape
10.A.sweet B.loud C.fearful D.grateful
11.A.for B.unless C.if D.although
12.A.match B.fight C.argument D.conversation
13.A.day B.time C.chance D.month
14.A.desks B.seats C.attitudes D.places
15.A.hoped to B.needed to C.had to D.was able to
16.A.when B.before C.that D.since
17.A.loosely B.frequently C.differently D.surprisingly
18.A.or B.and C.but D.so
19.A.sit B.live C.lie D.put
20.A.performance B.movement C.effort D.situation
Summer is the perfect time to relax. As you plan for your trip, here are some tips on how to protect yourself. 1.
Fight against the mosquitoes in the hot spots.
There are many mosquito-borne illnesses in tropical regions, which are traditionally vacation hot spots. Therefore, mosquito repellent（驱蚊剂）that contains DEET should be an essential item in your travel bag.
2.
In lesser-developed countries there is less equipment for clean water and public health. If you can't avoid unhealthful water, make sure you bring along a tea or coffee—making pot that will boil water for you. You’d better buy a case or two of water and check that all bottle caps are sealed to assure the bottled water isn't just a refilled bottle of dirty tap water.
Always protect your feet.
It's best to wear slippers in the shower, but if you must be barefoot, put a towel down on the floor.3.You should never walk barefoot in any area of a foreign country, including your hotel room.
Be sure to eat safe fruits.
4. They may have been washed in the same water, or wiped with the same rag used to clean work surfaces in kitchens. The best advice is to bring your own peeler（削皮器）so that you know that something clean has been applied to the fruit.
Enjoy the smell of roadside stands, not the food.
Unless the food is piping hot when served, it’s best to stay away from roadside stands, no matter how good the smell of the food might be. If you are concerned about whether a restaurant is clean, order the food to go. 5.
A.Don't trust the local water
B.Any fruit served fresh may be polluted
C.Look out for any water not served in a bottle
D.The boxes may be cleaner than the plate or fork on the table
E.You should know how to keep yourself away from dirty fruits
F.They are necessary to avoid coming back with a major illness from your trip
G.Parasites（寄生虫）can enter the skin of your feet and travel to different parts of the body
Recently there was a major discovery in the scientific research—the mapping of all DNA in a human gene is complete. Several years ago, it seems an impossible task for scientist to accomplish. All this progress in science leads us to believe that the day when human being will be cloned is not far away. Human cloning has always been a topic of argument in terms of morality (道德) or religion.
Taking a look at why cloning might be beneficial, among many cases, it is arguable that parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic limitation to a child could make use of cloning. Moreover, cloning would enable women who can't get pregnant to have children of their own.
Cloning humans would also mean that organs could be cloned, so it would be a source of perfect transfer organs. This surely would be greatly beneficial to millions of unfortunate people around the world who are expected to lose their lives due to organ problems. It is also arguable that a ban on cloning may be unlawful and would rob people of the right to reproduce and limit the freedom of scientists.
However, arguments against cloning are also on a perfectly practical side. Primarily, I believe that cloning would step in the normal "cycle" of life. There would be a large number of same genes, which reduce the chances of evolution, since it may be difficult for living creatures to naturally adapt to the ever-changing environment, which will result in ultimate disappearance. Furthermore, cloning would make the uniqueness that each one of us possesses disappear. Thus, leading to creation of genetically engineered groups of people for specific purposes and, chances are that those individuals would be regarded as "objects" rather than people in the society.
Scientists couldn't surely guarantee that the first cloned humans will be normal. Thus this could result in introduction of additional limitations in the human "gene-pool".
Regarding such arguable topics in "black or white" approach seems very innocent. We should try to look at all "shades" of it. I believe that cloning is only legal if its purpose is for cloning organs; not humans. Then we could regard this as for "saving life" instead of "creating life". It is believed that cloning humans is morally and socially unacceptable.
1.What's the author's opinion on cloning?
A.Cloning should be entirely banned.
B.Cloning should be used in creating life.
C.Cloning will take away the right to reproduce.
D.Cloning is acceptable if it is used for cloning organs.
2.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
3.Where is the text probably from?
A.A story book. B.A magazine.
C.A science fiction. D.A novel.
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, king of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit(优点) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
1.The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because .
A. they lived healthily in a dirty environment
B. they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in
C. they considered bathing as cause of skin disease
D. They believed disease could be spread in public baths
2.Which of the following best describes Henry IV’s attitude to bathing?
A. Curious B. Afraid C. Approving D. Uninterested
3.How does the passage mainly develop?
A. By following the order of time. B. By making comparison.
C. By providing examples D. By following the order of importance.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passages?
A. To call attention to the danger of dirt.
B. To introduce the history of dirt.
C. To present the change of views on dirt.
D. To stress the role of dirt.
Technology makes listening to holiday music easier than ever. There are endless sources to help you find your favorite Christmas tunes and many other songs. People have explored how to listen to holiday music with high-tech devices.
Apple Music
This is the first year you can use Apple Music to listen to holiday songs. Apple Music has more than 30 million songs and is available in over 100 countries.
Tell voice assistant Siri to "play holiday music" to open the music program on your iPhone, iPad or Apple TV. Apple Music app is available in the Google Play store, but not with a voice assistant.
For the first three months, you can use it for free. After that, users have to pay a subscription fee.
Google Play Music
Google Play Music is also in the holiday spirit. Go to the Google Play Music Holiday page and search for "holiday music."
Google Play Music is available for free if you don't mind the advertisements. If you do, buy a paid subscription to avoid them. Google Play Music offers more than 30 million songs from 58 countries.
Tune In Radio
Listen to radio stations with Tune In Radio. This is an online service and offers stations from all seven continents in the world, including Antarctica. Tune In Radio is available on your computer and is free to online users. In the United States, Britain and Canada, a paid subscription gives you more stations without advertisements.
1.What can we learn about Apple Music?
A.It is a new tool to listen to holiday music.
B.It is popular in over 100 countries.
C.It can only be used for three months.
D.It can only be used after the subscription .
2.According to the passage, Google Play Music _________.
A.is favored by young people B.can always be used for free
C.has the largest number of songs D.doesn't allow any advertisement
3.We can learn that Tune In Radio _________.
A.have over 30 million songs B.is available on our mobile device
C.offers stations from around the world D.is expensive in America and Canada
