Question

Since 2016, the U=U (Undetectable=Untransmittable) campaign, started by Bruce Richman, who was diagnosed with HIV in 2003, has teamed up with 570 other organizations in 71 countries to share the message: “In most of these countries people have been taught to fear HIV and people with HIV. Now we’re turning a corner.”

The impact of this and other prevention strategies and campaigns has begun to reduce new infection rates. As is reported, the number of new diagnoses in San Francisco has dropped by more than 50 per cent since 2006, in large part because of this “treatment as prevention” approach, also known as TasP.

But more work is needed, for example, on a vaccine. For some other viruses, vaccines work by mimicking(模仿)the biochemistry of people who seem to be naturally protected from infection. “For HIV, we don’t have a good naturally protective correlate to work with,” says Lundgren, an official in UNAIDS. Another difficulty is the lack of a good animal model for human HIV infections. Potential vaccines that show promise in monkeys infected with the similar simian immunodeficiency virus have not been successful in human clinical trials.

There are also hopes for an HIV cure, but this has been harder to come by than expected. The main problem with trying to cure HIV is that there is a hidden reservoir of the virus in the body. That is why the leading strategy in the hunt for a cure is the “kick and kill” approach. T his aims to kick HIV out of cells that act as a reservoir and then kill the virus.

While focusing on such scientific problems to make a cure a possibility in future, researchers at pharmaceutical company Gilead are also making progress when it comes to the potential for longer-acting treatments. At the moment, antiretroviral(抗逆$专录病毒的）drugs must be taken on a daily basis and this can prove difficult for some.

Winston Tse，a senior scientist at Gilead, is working on a treatment that looks to be particularly effective and could take the form of a long-acting injection. He and his colleagues have set their sights on a protein that surrounds and protects the HIV RNA genome which is essential to viral(病毒的）life including its ability to infect new cells. The team is developing compounds that interfere with this protein and so prevent the virus to reproduce.

It is this focus on prevention and treatment that makes the UNAIDS goal potentially achievable—removing AIDS as a public health risk by 2030. “I would love a cure, but I’m investing my time into the strategy of testing, treating and prevention, because I think that’s the way to end this disease,” says Richman.

1.What is the purpose of “U=U campaign”？

A. To call on more countries to fight HIV.    B. To offer help to people with HIV.

C. To appeal to people to face HIV.    D. To promote the TasP approach.

2.Researchers have difficulty in trying vaccines because    .

A. many people are scared of HIV    B. animal trials don’t work on humans

C. monkeys are infected with viruses    D. there is a hidden reservoir in the body

3.What do we know about the “kick and kill” approach?

A. It is less effective than expected.    B. It destroys the reservoir of the virus.

C. It kills the virus out of the cells.    D. It    belongs to the antiretroviral drugs.

4.What can we infer from the UNAIDS goal??

A. AIDS will become a public health risk by 2030.

B. A cure for AIDS is more important than prevention.

C. Doing more trials is the solution to stopping AIDS.

D. Researchers are confident in preventing AIDS in future.

Answer

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. D

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，艾滋病一直被认为是非常可怕的疾病，但现在情况有所改变，感染艾滋病的人数在下降，文章中提出了一些治疗艾滋病的新方法等内容。

1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“people have been taught to fear HIV and people with HIV. Now we’re turning a corner，turn a corner”中的“turn a corner”转弯，说明做法与之前不同，所以答案选择appeal people to face HIV。A项中more无中生有；B 项属于过度引申；D项 后文信息干扰选项。故C项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“Another difficulty is the lack of a good animal model for human HIV infections.” 可知另外的一个困难是缺少好的动物模本进行HIV的测试。故B项同义，故B项正确。

3.判断推理题。根据题干这kick and kill定位第四段最后一句“This aims to kick HIV out of cells that act as a reservoir and then kill the virus.”可知这种方法是在细胞外杀死病毒的。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段，investing my time into the strategy of testing, treating and prevention可见researches对于prevent的信心。AB选项意思与原文相悖。C项错误，目标是使AIDS不再是public health risk而不能彻底地去stopping AIDS。故D项正确。