Wilderness
“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.
As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.
Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.
I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.
This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.
1.John Sauven holds that_____.
A. many people value nature too much
B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful
C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities
D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong
2.What is the main idea of Para. 3?
A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.
B. Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.
C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.
D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.
3.What is the author’s attitude towards this debate?
A. Objective. B. Disapproving. C. Sceptical. D. Optimistic.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点) : Conclusion
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
As I was thinking about language learning the other day, the image of baking bread came into my mind. I compared some of the exercises and drills that we put ourselves through in order to learn a language to the various ingredients that go into baking a loaf of fresh bread.
Real language learning takes place in human relationships. No one sits down and eats a cup of flour, even if he is hungry and in a hurry. You don’t become bilingual (双语的) by learning lists of vocabulary. You don’t become a speaker of a language by memorizing verb conjugations (动词的词形变化) and agreement rules. You become bilingual by entering a community that uses that other language as its primary means of communication.
I am not suggesting that we can make bread without ingredients. Flour is necessary, as are yeast, salt, water and other ingredients. Vocabulary is part of any language and will have to be learned. Grammatical rules exist in every language and cannot be ignored. But merely combining the appropriate ingredients in the recommended proportions does not result in bread. At best, you only end up with a ball of dough (面团).
In order to get bread, you have to apply heat to the dough. And in language learning, that heat comes from the community. Anyone who has learned a second language has experienced that heat. It creeps up your neck when you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten?” When you try to say something quite innocent and the whole room bursts into laughter, you are experiencing the heat that turns raw dough into good bread. Remember the old saying, “If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen?” This is where language learning often breaks down because we find the heat uncomfortable and we stop the baking process. In other words, we can’t stand the heat, so we get out of the kitchen.
However, the language learner who stays in the kitchen——in the heat until the combined ingredients are thoroughly transformed will enjoy the richness of a quality loaf of bread. He said that he did not “get out of the kitchen” at the critical moment when the oven seemed too hot. The dedicated language learner knows that becoming bilingual cannot be achieved without the heat!
1.The passage is mainly about________.
A. how we can make baking bread with various Ingredients
B. how to become bilingual by communicating with others
C. what an important role “heat” plays in learning a language
D. what a high quality of bread you may achieve in the kitchen
2.You can become a speaker of a language by_______.
A. bearing millions of words and expressions in your mind
B. using the language to communicate with those around you
C. knowing verb conjugations and grammatical rules
D. saying something innocent to be laughed at by others
3.What is the purpose of illustration of the example——you ask the babysitter, “Have you already been eaten?” when you meant to say, “Have you already eaten?” ?
A. To prove that you are sure to make some mistakes when you enter a community.
B. To show that you should combine the ingredients in the recommended proportions.
C. To prove that you may experience "heat" from the community in language learning.
D. To indicate that being bilingual calls for your courage, confidence and perseverance.
4.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT the necessity of baking bread and learning language?
A. Wonderful skills. B. Various ingredients.
C. Appropriate proportions. D. Uncomfortable heat.
If you have the opportunity to visit some places in New Zealand, then the list below is our recommendation.
Fiordland National Park
This park is part of the South Westland World Heritage Area and is New Zealand’s largest national park and one of the largest in the world. The scenery in Fiordland is nothing short of extremely beautiful, with steep mountains, wild waterfalls, and abundant rain forests. Being able to come back and forth in its deep bay attracts most of the visitors.
The area has some of the world’s greatest walks including the world famous Milford Track, which was described as the finest walk in the world in the early twentieth century.
Abel Tasman National Park
Abel Tasman may be New Zealand’s smallest national park, but the attractions are huge. Located in one of New Zealand’s sunniest spots, the area also has the best beaches in the country.
The popular Abel Tasman Walk is a great way to see this park. It takes 3-5 days to complete. Sea taxis are also available and can drop you off at any number of beaches within the park.
Rotorua
Accessible from New Zealand’s biggest city, Auckland, Rotorua is famous for its volcanic activities. Rotorua is also famous for its plentiful lakes which are great for swimming and fishing. The surrounding area contains plenty of native bushes and some famous walks.
Rotorua is also the best area in the country to experience and learn about Maori culture.
Mt Cook National Park
Mt Cook as well as the surrounding area is an alpine( 高山的) park within the World Heritage listed in South Westland. The biggest peaks in all of Australasia are here. The park doesn’t contain many trees or plants due to the altitude. Walks range from a two-hour walk to difficult tracks suitable for experienced mountaineers only.
A helicopter or plane ride gives visitors excellent views of the mountains with the option of landing at the top of Tasman Glacier, a true permanent snow-covered alpine environment.
1.The most impressive experience in Fiordland National Park may be ．
A. rock climbs B. forest camps
C. water jumps D. boat trips
2.If you are interested in folk customs, you can go to visit ．
A. Fiordland National Park B. Rotorua
C. Mt Cook National Park D. Abel Tasman National Park
3.If you go to visit Mt Cook National Park, you can ．
A. view some amazing waterfalls B. enjoy some tropical fruits
C. step on the top of Tasman Glacier D. take walks in various bushes
We all love our parents and turn to them when we’re in need, but would you like them to hear the ______ you have with your friends in the school playground or lunch queue? Social networking sites, such as micro-blog, blog and the Facebook, have actually become ______ of the school hallways(走廊), so would you add your parents as “friends” and allow them to ______ your online ______ and conversations with friends?
In the past the generation gap included a technology gap, where children were ______ with latest technology and parents were left behind, content to continue their day-to-day lives as they always had because they had no ______ to be good at new technology. ______, more and more parents are beginning to ______ just how important social networks are in their lives. This realization has given many parents the ____ to educate themselves about social networking sites.
These days many people are ______ to social networking sites because they can choose who they have around them; there’s also a certain amount of control over ______ that we don’t get in real life. Sometimes we feel that privacy is ______ when we must accept a “friend” request from a parent or family member.
It’s a difficult choice whether or not to allow a parent to become a part of our ______ lives. On the one hand we don’t want to “refuse” their request because that might hurt their feelings or make them feel you have something to ______. On the other hand if you do accept, then you could have a(n) ______ of being watched and no longer feel ______ to comment or communicate the way you did before.
A recent survey suggested that parents shouldn’t take it personally if their child ignores their request: “When a teen ignores a parent’s friend request, it doesn’t ______ mean that they are hiding something, but it could mean that this is one part of their life where they want to be truly _______.” Perhaps talking with parents and giving explanations would help soften the ______ if you do choose not to ______ them to your friends list.
1.A. quarrels B. conversations C. debates D. bargains
2.A. explosions B. focuses C. extensions D. definitions
3.A. spread B. decide C. repeat D. view
4.A. habits B. activities C. images D. shows
5.A. in association B. in conflict C. side by side D. up to date
6.A. need B. choice C. money D. time
7.A. However B. Indeed C. Thus D. Otherwise
8.A. advocate B. realize C. deny D. doubt
9.A. excuse B. ability C. motivation D. chance
10.A. exposed B. attracted C. adapted D. committed
11.A. privacy B. privilege C. personality D. process
12.A. interpreted B. interacted C. insulted D. invaded
13.A. school B. online C. family D. social
14.A. avoid B. dislike C. hide D. refuse
15.A. guilt B. memory C. sense D. obligation
16.A. worried B. satisfied C. real D. free
17.A. nevertheless B. necessarily C. possibly D. entirely
18.A. independent B. available C. popular D. responsible
19.A. voice B. hatred C. result D. blow
20.A. show B. apply C. add D. force
— I’d rather have some wine, if you don’t mind.
—______. Don’ t forget that you’ll drive.
A. By all means B. Anything but that
C. Take it easy D. I wouldn’t say no to this
It is ______ his tremendous enthusiasm and devotion that the old teacher is respected by all his students.
A. on account of B. with regard to
C. in terms of D. in reference to
