We’ve considered several ways of paying to cut in line: hiring line standers, buying tickets from scalpers (票贩子), or purchasing line-cutting privileges directly from, say, an airline or an amusement park. Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue (waiting your turn) with the morals of the market (paying a price for faster service).
Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of allocating things, and each is appropriate to different activities. The morals of the queue, “First come, first served, have an egalitarian (平等主义的) appeal. They tell us to ignore privilege, power, and deep pockets.
The principle seems right on playgrounds and at bus stops. But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions. If I put my house up for sale, I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along, simply because it’s the first. Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities, properly governed by different standards.
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply. Think of the recorded message you hear, played over and over, as you wait on hold when calling your bank: “Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received.” This is essential for the morals of the queue. It’s as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness.
But don’t take the recorded message too seriously. Today, some people’s calls are answered faster than others. Call center technology enables companies to “score” incoming calls and to give faster service to those that come from rich places. You might call this telephonic queue jumping.
Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve considered—at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks—are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.
1.According to the author, which of the following seems governed by the principle “First come, first served”?
A. Taking buses. B. Buying houses.
C. Flying with an airline. D. Visiting amusement parks.
2.The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates ______.
A. the necessity of patience in queuing
B. the advantage of modern technology
C. the uncertainty of allocation principle
D. the fairness of telephonic services
3.The passage is meant to ______.
A. justify paying for faster services
B. discuss the morals of allocating things
C. analyze the reason for standing in line
D. criticize the behavior of queue jumping
高一的同学们,进入高中以来,有没有发现和初中的英语学习生活有所不同呢。新一期的校刊将征集一些关于高中生英语学习习惯培养的文章,请你根据以下要点,写一篇100词左右的英语短文（开头已给出,不计入总词数）。
主要困惑 | 1.难以适应高中英语的学习；2.不知如何提高英语成绩 |
好习惯的重要性 | 1.激发学习英语的兴趣； 2.减轻学习英语的压力 |
个人建议
| 1.课上专心听讲,认真记笔记；课后…… 2.制订计划,并且坚持,然后你会发现…… 3.寻找一位好搭档（partner）,于是…… |
At present, some Senior One students have problems with English study.
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用所给词的适当形式填空或在空白处填入一个恰当的词。
1.He bought two dictionaries, both of ____________ are very useful.
2.We were swimming ____________ we heard someone calling “ Help ! Help !”
3.Hobby can be almost anything ___________ a person likes to do in his spare time.
4.At 7 a.m. she says goodbye to her parents and sets ___________ to her school.
5.This lifestyle may seem very hard to many European schoolchildren, who are accustomed ___________ going out most weekends.
6.People take up hobbies because these activities offer enjoyment, friendships, knowledge, and ___________ (relax).
7.It is feared that people living near the power station may have_________ (expose) to radiation.
8.Anyone, rich or poor, old or young, sick or well, can follow a ______ (satisfy) hobby.
9.After the miserable war, he got hurt _____ (mental) and physically.
10.Hundreds of people were invited ________ (attend) the wedding.
11.I’m looking forward to ___________ (receive) your letter soon.
12.The students acted graciously when success___________ (come) their way.
13.Doctors have found that hobbies are ___________ (value) in helping patients recover.
14.Hobbies provide interests that keep bedridden patients from thinking about ___________ (them).
15.Having an extra day off made students___________ (happy) than ever before.
单词拼写
1.The coffee ___________ (使…能够) me to keep awake during the dull concert last week.
2.In the school, we have___________ education（义务的）.
3.She has artistic ___________ (潜能) for music.
4.Even in this small village, you can find some ___________ (典型的) British clubs.
5.The two girls stood up ___________ (同时).
6.Tom had not p___________ well in his exams, which really let down his parents.
7.R___________ of danger, he climbed the tower.
8.I got a note from Moira u_________ me to get in touch.
9.The two girls had a lot in c___________, making it easy for them to become close friends.
10.She always has a busy day and gets home at midnight, completely e___________.
In your life, sometimes you may be asked to speak in front of a large group of people. Although it sounds a little scary, even those with stage fright can speak successfully to the group with adequate preparation.
Practice your speech before the big day. 1. If possible, practice the speech in front of a friend or family member to get used to saying it to real people. If you feel you must have note cards, limit the amount to about three cards. This will force you to keep your speech concise and help you keep your eyes focused on your audience.
Remember why you’ve been invited to speak. If you’re battling fear over speaking to a large group of people, keep your mind on the fact that you were selected for this important role. The speech organizers must have seen something valuable in you or your expertise. 2.
Remember that fear of public speaking is very common. 3. Most of the people in the audience would be feeling the same fear and stress that you do in your position. Knowing this may make you feel better.
4. What you say should be tailored to why you’re there and who you’re speaking to in order to avoid sounding general. If speaking to a charity group, mention the good work certain specific individuals have done for the cause. If speaking at a business conference, briefly state why you want to help these people.
Keep eye contact with the crowd. 5. Pick one person in each section and look at him while you’re speaking. After each important point in your speech, switch your focus to another section. When you focus only on one person at a time, the size of the crowd isn’t as frightening.
A.A good memory is really helpful.
B. Show appreciation to your audience.
C. Mention your audience in your speech.
D. The more you have it memorized, the better.
E. In fact, it’s normal to feel nervous or stressed out before a big speech.
F. Separate the crowd into three sections mentally as you get up to speak.
G. The knowledge of other people’s respect for you should reduce some of the fear.
English nowadays is widely used in science, business, the media and popular culture. Every time we turn on the news to see what’s going on in East Asia, or Africa, or South America, or elsewhere, local people are being interviewed and telling us about it in English.
Indeed, if one looks at the facts about the amazing reach of the English language, he or she would be surprised. English is used in over 90 countries as an official or semi-official language. English is the working language of many international colleges as well as of most international research scientists. It is believed that over one billion people worldwide are learning English now.
One of the most remarkable sides of the spread of English around the world has been the extent (程度) to which Europeans are accepting it as their language. English is spreading from northern Europe to the south and is now firmly set up as a second language in countries such as Sweden, Norway, Netherlands and Denmark. If one visits any of them, it would seem that almost everyone there can communicate with ease in English.
Recently, a special survey of Europeans’ use of languages has just been published. The report said that English is the most widely known foreign language now, with 43% of Europeans saying they speak it and that Sweden now holds the most of English speakers, with over 89% of the population. What’s more, English is the language rated as the most useful language to know, with over 77% of Europeans who do not speak English as their first language considering it useful.
English has without doubt become the global language.
1.The best title for this passage is “_______”.
A. An official language B. Global language
C. English in Europe D. A special survey
2.About English, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. English is the first language in Denmark.
B. All African people can speak English.
C. English is the main working language in the world.
D. About 77% of Swedes are English speakers now.
3.The underlined word “rated” in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by “_______”.
A. admitted B. disagreed
C. considered D. discussed
4.We can learn from Paragraph 4 that _______.
A. half of the people in Europe speak English
B. English is the most useful language in Europe
C. English is widely used in the world
D. English is a well-known foreign language
