CHICAGO (Reuters) - Smoking not only can wrinkle(起皱纹) the face and turn it yellow -- it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday.
The study, published in the Archives of Dermatology, shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body -- even skin protected from the sun.
"We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun, and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced," Dr. Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan, who led the study, said in a statement.
"In participants older than 65 years, smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years," Helfrich's team added in their report.
The researchers tested 82 people, smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms. They ranged in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers. Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was.
When skin is exposed to sunlight, notably（尤其）the face, it becomes coarse, wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint, Helfrich's team wrote.
Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking contributes to premature（过早的）skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles, the study said, but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light.
The report did not discuss the mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke, among other things, causes blood vessels（血管）beneath the skin to constrict（紧缩）, reducing blood supply to the skin.
Smoking can also damage the connective tissue (组织)that supports both the skin and the internal organs.
1.The best title for this passage would be_______.
A. The danger of smoking B. Smoking causes skin aging
C. Quit smoking for health D. A survey of smokers
2.It can be inferred from the study _______ .
A. smoking won’t make skin protected from the sun
B. smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs
C. smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin
D. the age of smokers is not connected with the result of the test
3. From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because_____.
A. it will lower blood supply to skin B. it can make you feel tired
C. it can make skin come off D. it can make blood run faster
4.The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. inform people about the result of the study
B. advise people how to protect skin
C. warn people not to smoke again
D. introduce a new way of avoiding skin aging
There are some places in the world that one wants to return again and again. After my first visit to Boracay, a small island in the Philippines, in March of last year, I knew that I would return soon. I was there again in April this year.
It was on the island that I first tried kite-surfing. The Bulabog Beach on the eastern side of Boracay has many wind-surfing and kite-surfing sports centers. I randomly chose a center, which happened to be an affiliation(附属机构)of International Kiteboarding Organization.
The organization has training centers around the world, and some of its courses are tailored for beginners like me. The center on Boracay has different courses, from recreational to professional. In the recreational category, trainees have to do the“discovery”level before they go on to more advanced levels.
My instructor Brian, who was from the United States, adhered(坚持, 遵守)strictly to the center’s rules about levels, and began the training by asking me to set up the kite on the sand, which was the very first step at the ground level of the“discovery”course. I had a teammate, and we both couldn’t wait to have the feeling of riding with the wind on the surface of the water.
But we had to practice at length the various skills for assessing the direction of the wind and the movements of our bodies. I was there in March, which was still the windy season on the island. Because of the winds, the Philippines were important on the ancient maritime trade route. They call the wind Amihan, or trade winds.
From September to May the year before, the hills on the northern and southern ends of the island channel the Amihan wind from the east onshore, and onto the Bulabog Beach on the eastern coast of the island.
1.Which of the following is NOT true about Boracay?
A. It belongs to the Philippines.
B. An affiliation of International Kiteboarding Organization lies there.
C. It has many wind-surfing and kite-surfing sports centers.
D. It only offers visitors training of kite-surfing.
2.What can we know about Brian?
A. He is a Philippine.
B. He is a strict but professional instructor.
C. He received education in the United States.
D. His training is flexible.
3.Which word can best describe the author’s feeling in the training?
A. Disappointed. B. Excited.
C. Depressed. D. Worried.
4.The best title of the passage is .
A. Boracay—a Beautiful Island
B. Kite-surfing Training Program
C. My Experience of Kite-surfing Training
D. My First Visit to Boracay
Over 27-hundred volunteers, dubbed(授予称号)the“New Generation at the Bird’s Nest”, are activated among different posts at the IAAF Championships.
Xie Junyan heads a group of 72 volunteers. His team is dealing with security. “Our volunteers are here as an important force to ensure people’s safety and security. If there were no volunteers, there wouldn’t be enough security, which would allow people to come in without tickets. It could be chaos without us. ”
Others, including Wang Sijia, a volunteer from China University of Mining and Technology, are less concerned about safety, and more about making those at the event feel welcome.
“I’m a girl who loves smiling. Being able to convey happiness to others makes me feel great. ”
Wang Sijia’s fellow volunteer, Deng Yupei, is hoping to gain a little bit more practical experience from his time at the event.
“I’ve never had an experience like this before. Coming to such a big event, I’m really excited because it’s a whole new experience to me. I also think my time here has helped me improve my English. I’ve also made a lot of friends here. ”
Two-in-five of the volunteers at the IAAF event have been put there specifically to help the international delegations. Chinese visitors to this year’s event say the volunteers are just as helpful.
“They are very considerate. We didn’t know where our seats were when we first arrived. They directed us to the seats. They’re very good. ”
Outgoing IAAF President Lamine Diack has taken time to pay tribute to the volunteers, calling them“the true spirit of athletics”.
1.Which of the following is TRUE?
A. All volunteers were dubbed the“New Generation at the Bird’s Nest”.
B. Wang Sijia works to ensure people’s safety and security.
C. Being a volunteer helps Deng Yupei gain more practical experience.
D. Xie Junyan can allow people to come in without tickets.
2.What’s the meaning of the underlined phrase?
A. Contribute. B. Praise.
C. Consider. D. Arrange.
3.What can be inferred from the last but one paragraph?
A. Chinese visitors are very considerate.
B. Visitors are pleased with the work of volunteers at the IAAF event.
C. Visitors didn’t know where their seats were.
D. Visitors offer some suggestions to volunteers.
假定你是李华，你校计划下周日去南山潮（Nanshan Lake）开展保护水资源的宣传活动，就此请你写封信给外教Smith，邀请他一起参加，活动主要内容包括：
1. 在湖边捡垃圾；
2. 派发宣传广告；
3. 讲解保护水资源的重要性。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear David,
How time flies! It has been a totally week since you left our school but it seems a year. You can’t imagine what I miss the time we spent learn together! The time is so short but impressive. I am very happy to have made friends with you. I am very grateful to your help with my English and I have made great progresses in my English. I am sure it will be beneficial to your future study.
Although we have departed, but our friendship will last forever. I do hope we can keep touch as we used to. And I will try my best to continuing this precious friendship.
Yours,
Li Hua
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The rail network forms the backbone of the Chinese transport system and serves most of the cities 1.(visit) can explore much of China by train and many find it an efficient and inexpensive means of travel. The cost is around 25 percent 2.(little) than comparable air services.
In 2015, there was a total of 121,000 km of railway track in China, 3.(make) Chinese rail rank first in Asia. Double track railways covered 68,076 km, while electrified lines covered about 80,352 km. Now, The railway travels through 4. whole country. Beijing is the hub（枢纽）of the north-south lines 5. the west-east line centre is at Zhengzhou.
Chinese trains differ from those in other countries. In China, the accommodation on the trains 6.(divide) into four categories, namely, soft-sleeper, soft-seat, hard-sleeper and hard-seat.
There 7.(be) washrooms on the trains. The toilets, regardless of class, are not usually very clean and 8. is a good idea to bring your own toilet paper. 9.(boil) water is available on trains and dining cars on long distance routes only.
Reservations should be made in advance, especially during the holidays and travel season. Tickets may be purchased 10.(direct) from rail stations or booked a few days in advance from your travel agencies, hotels, or ticket office.
