Not all think laughter is the best medicine, but it seems to help. So scientists carried on a new study of diabetes (糖尿病) patients who were given a good dose of humor for a year to prove it.
Researchers divided 20 highrisk diabetic patients into two groups. Both groups were given standard diabetes medicine. Group L viewed 30 minutes of humor of their choice，while Group C，the control group，did not. This went on for a year of treatments.
By two months into the study，the patients in the laughter group had lower level of the hormones epinephrine (肾上腺素)，considered to cause stress，which is known to be deadly. After the 12 months，HDL cholesterol rises 26 percent in Group L but only 3 percent in Group C．In another measure，Creactive proteins，a maker of heart disease，drop 66 percent in the laughter group but only 26 percent in the control group.
“The best doctors believe that there is a physical good brought about by the positive emotion，happy laughter，”said study leader Lee Berk of Loma Linda University. And other research has found that humor makes us more hopeful. Still，more study is needed，Berk said. The research by Berk found that humor can bring about similar changes in body chemistry，which was proved in the new study. The research result will be presented this month at the meeting in the US. Research at the University of Maryland School of Medicine shows that laughter causes the inner lining of blood vessels to expand，increasing blood flow in a way thought to be healthy.
“Lifestyle choices have an important effect on health and these are choices which we and patients should pay attention to，rather than prevention and treatment,”Berk said in a statement this week.
1.Why did the scientists carry on the new research?
A. To find out if laughter was good to health.
B. To discover the best medicine to cure diabetes.
C. Because the number of diabetic patients is the largest in the world.
D. Because diabetic patients need more laughter than other patients.
2.After 12 months into the study，________.
A. Creactive proteins increase 66 percent in Group C
B. the level of the hormones epinephrine stays the same in both groups
C. the level of the hormones epinephrine has dropped
D. Creactive proteins reduced 66 percent in Group L
3.The underlined part “HDL cholesterol” in Paragraph 3 must be ______.
A. something bad to our health B. something good to our health
C. a kind of wonderful medicine D. a kind of dangerous disease
4.In what way does laughter benefit people’s health?
A. Blood is made thick by laughter.
B. Laughter makes blood vessels thin.
C. Laughter increases blood pressure.
D. Laughter makes blood flow fast.
Kids are natural scientists. That may be why they ask so many questions.
Younger kids take up science and math with amazing enthusiasm，yet as they get older they often lose their excitement. Children look on scientific exploration as play，but as they get older they start to connect it with big heavy books，long worksheets and a lot of really confusing words.
What a tragedy！We had their attention，they were listening，they were participating，they were learning and then we lost it to boredom.
We need our kids to play more. More play brings up basic scientific concepts(概念)．Being familiar with basic scientific concepts brings about exploration which leads to research. Once they are researching，they are completely into the learning.
My boys built a small 9hole golf course next to our driveway one day. It was a great product of science. They dug out the holes and channels to guide the golf ball. They played with architecture(建筑学)with a series of pipes they had found in the garage. They tested speed and momentum(动量)by creating one of the holes across the driveway. They experienced biology when deciding which front yard plants could be used as a part of the course and which needed to be pulled up.
If I had sent them out to the yard to build a 9hole golf course，it would have never happened. It was because it was their idea that it worked. I try to tell them some of the concepts after the fact. When they ask about something，I try to relate it back to something they have built，experienced，or felt. I try to give them a vocabulary around what they already know.
An afternoon can change the way kids look at the world. Not bad for a day of play.
1.What can we learn about kids' attitudes towards science from the first three paragraphs?
A. Kids think they are born to work as scientists.
B. Younger kids begin to learn science on purpose.
C. Older kids often link science with boring things.
D. Children's taking an interest in science is a tragedy.
2.By building the small golf course，the writer's boys learnt about all of the following things EXCEPT________.
A. speed B. momentum
C. biology D. agriculture
3.If the writer had forced the boys to build a small golf course，they might have _______.
A. asked her some related scientific concepts
B. made a better golf course than the one they had built
C. asked their friends to help them with the work
D. got bored and refused to follow the writer's directions
4.In which part of a newspaper is the article probably included?
A. Architecture. B. Education.
C. Health. D. Sports.
It has long been thought that elephants rely on their large ears and bathing in rivers to stay cool in hot climates. New research，however，has showed that the world's largest land animals have a secret trick of controlling their body temperatures.
Scientists have long been puzzled by temperature regulation(调节)in elephants. Generally，animals with large bodies tend to hold more heat because，compared to their size，they have a small surface area for heat to escape from. Elephants，with their heavyweight frames，would appear to be at a disadvantage in the heat of their African and Asian habitats，especially because they have thick fur to protect them from bushes and trees.
Scientists thought that these creatures，which weigh up to 13 tons when fullygrown，grow large ears to help them stay cool. The skin on the ears is thinner，so blood which flows into them cools down more easily. But findings by researchers at two universities in Vienna have showed that elephants are also able to cool down by increasing the blood flow to skin patches(斑) in other parts of their bodies.
The researchers studied six African elephants at Vienna Zoo as they moved between outdoor and indoor environments to see how the temperature on their skin surface would change. They found up to 15 “hot spots” all over an elephant's body surface，in addition to large patches on the ears. The study shows how these patches expand as the air temperature increases and more blood flows nearer to the skin surface. Other experiments show that elephants in the wild use the same “windows” to control their body temperature.
Elephants have two additional ways to stay cool: flapping(拍打)the ears and bathing. Together with these tricks，the skin hot spots allow the animals to keep their body temperature always at about 36 degrees—one degree less than humans'.
1.What can we know about the elephants?
A. They have thick fur to protect them.
B. They live in cool areas in Africa and Asia.
C. They can weigh up to 3 tons when fullygrown.
D. They are afraid of water and rivers.
2.The function of the thinner skin on elephants' ears is to________.
A. control their body temperature B. help hold more heat
C. drive away insects D. keep sensitive hearing
3.The new research________.
A. studied six Asian elephants
B. studied elephants in a zoo and in the wild
C. aimed to discover the elephants' disadvantages
D. proved that scientists' earlier beliefs were totally true
假设你是高中生李华，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写( to scribble )和乱丢垃圾( to litter )的行为，请用英语给校长写一封100词左右的信。信中应包括以下内容：
1. 说明写信目的；
2. 对这些行为进行批评；
3. 提出建议。
注意：信的开头、落款及信的第一句已给出，不计入总词数。
July 13, 2018
Dear Mr. Headmaster,
I am Li Hua, a student from Class One, Senior Two.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(/\),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词:
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。
Mr. Johnson is a hardworking teacher. Every day, he spends too much time with his work. With little sleep and hardly any break, so he works from morning till night. Hard work have made him very ill. “He has ruined his healthy. We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say. Yesterday afternoon. I paid visit to Mr. Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside her room I stopped. I had to calm myself down. Quietly I step into the room. I saw him lying in bed, looking at some of the picture we had taken together. I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Now whenever I get close to 1. (lose) my patience, I’ll think of a report that I watched on TV years ago. It 2. (report) that nearly 100,000 people died from traffic accidents that year, causing a lot of damage and pain for individuals and society. Road safety has aroused 3. (wide) attention of the public than ever before. In recent years, many rules 4. (make) to reduce the traffic crashes, especially for the ones 5. (involve) in the pedestrians. As far as I’m concerned, we should take road safety 6. (serious) in our daily life. While using the road, we must walk on the pavement, take notice of the traffic lights and learn to protect 7.. Besides, car drivers should obey the traffic rules, which is both good for themselves and others. Above all, we should teach our children to treasure life and get to know and obey the traffic rules.
All 8. all, life is so precious that we can’t afford to lose it. Obeying the traffic rules is 9. all of us should pay attention to 10. (particular). Only by attaching great importance to traffic safety can we all live a better life.
