Question

Researchers say public mistrust of vaccines（疫苗）is causing diseases like measles（麻疹）and yellow fever to spread. The scientists said the lower levels of trust can lead to people refusing vaccines. This, in turn, can cause diseases to spread quickly, they warmed.

But the researchers said they also found a high level of support worldwide for vaccinating children against disease.

The researchers questioned 66,000 people in 67 countries to discover their ideas on whether vaccines are important, safe and effective. The survey showed people in Southeast Asia had the highest level of trust in vaccines. Africa showed the second highest level of confidence. Europeans showed the lowest level of confidence in vaccines. In France, 41 percent of the population questioned the safety of vaccines.

Heidi Larson is with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. She says recent media reports of problems involving vaccines have hurt public confidence in France. Larson noted that many Europeans worried about reports of possible links between hepatitis B vaccines（乙型肝炎疫苗）and the disease multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化症）. But she said scientists found no linkage between the two. Mistrust in France was also driven by public reaction to the H1N1 influenza（甲型H1N1流感）outbreak fears in 2009. The French government spent $1.4 billion on 94 million doses of the vaccine. The majority were sold or destroyed.

The findings come as a major yellow fever vaccination program has been launched in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola. The disease has already killed hundreds of people in the area. The World Health Organization aims to vaccinate over 15 million people in both countries. “If everyone agrees to be vaccinated, we can remove yellow fever from our country,” said Mosala Mireille, one of the doctors directing the program.

1.The author develops the Paragraph 1 mainly ________.

A. by telling experiences    B. by giving instructions

C. by offering descriptions    D. by analyzing cause and effect

2.The underlined words “The disease” in the last paragraph probably refer to ________.

A. measles    B. yellow fever

C. H1N1 influenza    D. multiple sclerosis

3.Mistrust of vaccines in France was driven by the following reasons except ________.

A. media reports of problems linked to vaccines

B. public reaction to the H1N1 influenza outbreak fears in 2009

C. connections between hepatitis B vaccines and the disease multiple sclerosis

D. most of the doses of the vaccine were sold or disposed of by the French government

4.Mosala Mireille’s attitude towards the yellow fever vaccination program is ________.

A. Expectant    B. Skeptical

C. Critical    D. Cautious

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.C

4.A

【解析】

试题本文是一篇说明文。研究人员表示，公众对疫苗的不信任开始导致麻疹和黄热病之类的疾病传播。科学家表示，信任度不高会导致人们拒绝疫苗，这反过来会导致疾病迅速蔓延。但是研究人员表示，他们也发现全球儿童接种疫苗预防疾病的支持度很高。

1.篇章结构题。文章第一段阐述了研究的结果：公众对疫苗的不信任开始导致麻疹和黄热病之类的疾病传播，解释了解释其原因是：信任度不高会导致人们拒绝疫苗，这反过来会导致疾病迅速蔓延。因此推断作者主要通过分析因果关系来阐述的。故选D。

2.词句猜测题。画线句上文The findings come as a major yellow fever vaccination program has been launched in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola.可知，这一调查结果公布正值刚果民主共和国以及安哥拉推出一项重要的黄热病疫苗接种计划，因此推断下文的The disease指的是黄热病。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的二三两句She says recent media reports of problems involving vaccines have hurt public confidence in France. Larson noted that many Europeans worried about reports of possible links between hepatitis B vaccines (乙型肝炎疫苗) and the disease multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化症).和最后三句Mistrust in France was also driven by public reaction to the H1N1 influenza(甲型H1N1流感) outbreak fears in 2009. The French government spent $1.4 billion on 94 million doses of the vaccine. The majority were sold or destroyed.可知，法国国内的对疫苗的不信任情绪受到涉及疫苗问题的媒体报道和2009年公众对H1N1流感爆发恐慌的反应的推动，法国政府在9400万剂疫苗上花费了14亿美元，其中大多数被售出或销毁。故选C。

4.观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“If everyone agrees to be vaccinated, we can remove yellow fever from our country,” said Mosala Mireille, one of the doctors directing the program.可知，Mosala Mireille认为如果人人同意接种，就可以消除黄热病。因此推断她对于黄热病疫苗计划充满期待。故选A。