Question

Jealousy is such a powerful emotion that at least one study has characterized it as the third leading cause of non-accidental homicide(杀人) in all cultures. In a recently published study, researchers experimented with dogs to see whether they, like humans, have the nature of jealousy.

In an experiment, the authors took 36 dogs---along with their owners---and observed the dogs’ behavior as their masters interacted with three non-living objects. One object was a children’s book, which they read aloud; another object was a plastic pumpkin lantern; and the third was a mechanical stuffed dog that gave out a bark when the owner pressed a button.

Former studies concluded that babies were probably capable of jealousy. In the experiment, their mothers showed attention to a life-like doll instead of their child, and other objects. The babies were reportedly more likely to respond with “negative” behavior if their mother turned to pay her attention to the doll.

In the dog experiment, authors instructed the dog owners to push the bark button on the stuffed dog’s head, and then speak to it sweetly, while ignoring their own dog. After that, they showed attention to the pumpkin lantern, and read the children’s book, while also ignoring their dog.

It is interesting to see the dogs were far more likely to act aggressively when their owners spoke to the stuffed dog than when they paid attention to the other objects. One-fourth of the dogs snapped at the stuffed dog, while only one dog snapped at the lantern or the book. The dogs were also more likely to push or touch their owners as they interacted with the mechanical dogs, and tried to get in between the owner and the stuffed dog more frequently than the other objects.

“One possibility is that jealousy developed in species of many young relying on the parents, the young compete for parental resources such as food, attention, care, and affection,” the authors wrote.

1.Why does the author include the experiment with babies in the passage?

A. To tell us that the babies are also jealousy.

B. To show that the experiment was scientific.

C. To draw the conclusion through comparison.

D. To show us that the babies are very clever.

2.What behavior probably shows that the babies have the emotion of jealousy?

A. Smiling at the doll.

B. Struggling and crying.

C. Always keeping quiet

D. Appearing scared

3.How did most of the dogs react when the owners interacted with the mechanical dog?

A. They pushed or touched the owners.

B. They snapped at the mechanical dog.

C. They disturbed the owners and the mechanical dog.

D. They acted aggressively to their owners.

4.What can be the best title of the passage?

A. Development of jealousy in species

B. Jealousy leads to terrible results

C. Analysis of jealousy in species

D. Research proves dogs’ jealousy

Answer

1.C

2.B

3.A

4.D

【解析】

本文为议论文。通过实验结果，看看它们是否像人类一样具有嫉妒的本性。接着下文叙述了实验的过程及结果，并同时与婴儿对此的反应作了比较，从而得出狗也会嫉妒。

1.推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者用婴儿作试验是想通过实验对比来得出狗也会嫉妒的结论，分析选项可知C项符合题意。

2.推理判断题。第三段The babies were reportedly more likely to respond with “negative” behavior if their mother turned to pay her attention to the doll. 如果母亲转而关注玩具娃娃，他们更容易做出“消极”的反应。分析选项（A. Smiling at the doll. 对娃娃微笑；B. Struggling and crying. 挣扎和哭泣；C. Always keeping quiet始终保持安静；D. Appearing scared显得害怕）可知B是一种消极对待的情感，故B项符合题意。

3.细节理解题。第5段内容The dogs were also more likely to push or touch their owners as they interacted with the mechanical dogs, and tried to get in between the owner and the stuffed dog more frequently than the other objects.当狗与机械狗互动时，狗也更可能推或触摸它们的主人，并更频繁试图进入主人和机械狗之间。由此可知，A项符合题意，故选A。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文在第一段最后一句. In a recently published study, researchers experimented with dogs to see whether they, like humans, have the nature of jealousy. 用狗做实验，看看它们是否像人类一样具有嫉妒的本性。接着下文叙述了实验的过程及结果，并同时与婴儿对些的反应作了比较，从而得出狗也会嫉妒，故选D项。