单词拓展
1_______ vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭→________ adj. 具有破坏性的→________ n.破坏；毁坏
2_______vt.损害；伤害→________n,损害；伤害→____________adj.受伤的
3_________n.电；电流→__________adj.电的；带电的→___________adj.电子的
4__________vt.使惊吓；吓唬→__________adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→_____________adj.令人恐惧的
5____________n.祝贺；（复数）贺词→_____________vt.祝贺
6__________n.裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判定→_________n.判断；看法→___________现在分词
7________n.民族；国家；国民→________adj.国家的；民族的→__________adv.全国地
8________n.污垢；泥土→______________adj.肮脏的→___________vt.使弄脏
9_________n.用途→_______vt.使用→________adj.无用的→____________adv.无用地
10_________n.震惊；休克；打击→_________vt.使震惊；震动→__________adj.令人震惊的→_________adj.感到震惊的→_____________adv.令人震惊地
11________n.快车；速递→_____________n.词语；表示；表达；表情→_________vt.表达；表示→_______________adj.有表现力的→_____________adv.有表现力地
你校英语角将举办一次主题为How I learn English的英语沙龙活动并特邀你在活动中发言。请你根据以下提示用英语写一篇发言稿。
要点提示：
1. 你对英语重要性的认识；
2. 你学习英语的方法；
3. 你对学习英语的建议。
注意：1. 词数150左右（开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数）；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Hello, everyone. It is my honour to be here to talk about my experience of learning English.
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Thank you!
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The condition characterized by lack of basic human needs as a result of the inability to afford them is called absolute poverty (绝对贫困). The “needs” in this case range from drinking water and shelter to basic health care and education. Being different from absolute poverty, relative (相对的) poverty refers to people who have limited access to resources (资源) compared with others in society.
The most obvious effects of poverty include health problems, homelessness and a lack of education. A couple of these effects, like health problems and a lack of education, can also worsen conditions.
A person living in poverty can’t afford daily bread at times, let alone think about health-related spending. In the same way, a person who isn’t in the best of health will find it difficult to work and earn his daily bread. Thus, poverty and poor health form a vicious circle (恶性循环).
Poor health due to poor economic conditions is not limited to physical disorders alone. Poor people are more likely to suffer from diseases, which can push them into severer poverty, including a range of mental illnesses which hinder (妨碍) a person’s ability to work.
Most people below the poverty line can’t afford proper habitation, and thus, have no choice, but to “sleep rough”. More than 100 million people are homeless in the world today, with some sources suggesting that the number is far greater than 300 million.
While children living in absolute poverty can’t afford basic education, those in relative poverty are forced to drop out halfway due to their lack of ability to pay fees for further education or as a result of having to take family responsibilities (责任). The relationship between poverty and education also works the other way round, with lack of education being one of the most important causes of poverty in the world.
The effects of poverty on a child’s development are seen in the classroom, most often in the form of low self-respect. Children from well-to-do families dress better which can bring about a feeling of inferiority (自卑) in children living in poverty. Poverty leads to social differences, causing poor children to get away from the learning environments and exhibit behavior that is against society, thus making poverty one of the most serious social problems we are facing today.
Poverty | |
General 1. to poverty | ●When one is unable to afford the 2. human needs, he is in absolute poverty. ●When one has fewer resources than others, he is in relative poverty. |
The effect of poverty on health | ●Poverty can lead to bad health which, in turn, prevents the poor from 3. to support their lives. This is a vicious circle. ●Poor health due to poor 4. conditions includes physical and mental health problems. |
The effect of poverty on 5. | ●The poor can’t 6. proper habitation, and thus have to sleep 7.. ●The data suggests there might be more than 300 million people who are homeless in the world. |
The effect of poverty on education | ●Due to poverty, children can’t enjoy the rights of 8. . ●Children from poor families don’t feel 9., which affects their development. ●Children living in poverty tend to do something 10. to society. |
At some time in your life, have you ever said “I have butterflies in my stomach”? Maybe you haven’t because you don’t use that idiom but for sure you have already experienced being shy, avoiding eye contact, sweaty palms (手掌), a racing heart and a red face.
Being shy is indeed one of the feelings that you don’t want to constantly (经常地) feel. Shyness is normal and it isn’t considered as a mental problem. All people have been shy at one time or another. Studies show that around 20% of people in the whole world are shy. And this number continues to increase. Therefore, if you’re feeling shy, don’t worry, because you are not alone. However, if your shyness has become too much to deal with and it is affecting your life, then maybe there is really something wrong.
You probably are wondering why you are shy. It may be because of the environment you were used to or the way you were brought up. Certain events in the past may also contribute to your shyness now. But in most cases, shyness proves to be hereditary. If one person has shy parents and relatives, then it isn’t surprising that he has become a shy person.
One of the negative (负面的) sides of being shy is having the tendency to be passive (消极的). Most of the time shy people can’t stand up for what they believe is right; thus they just sit in a corner and let everything happen even if it is against their will.
Shy people are also too shy to have the confidence to let themselves shine and show other people what they can do. Shy people have a tendency to avoid crowds and stay away from social communications. This negatively influences their social life, work, family and other aspects of their life.
While shyness has negative aspects, it also has a positive side. Shy people are naturally good observers and don’t get themselves into too much trouble because they try to observe and examine their situation before taking some actions. They are not impulsive (冲动的) and think twice before making any decision.
Shy people can be great friends. Because they have difficulty in the social scene and making friends seems to be quite a task for them, they value their friends wholeheartedly and will try hard to build up the relationship.
Although shyness is hereditary, it can be improved over time. Some shy people who have shy parents have successfully overcome their shyness by developing their self-respect and trying to expose (暴露) themselves to new environments. Overcoming shyness isn’t about suddenly thinking you’re great. It’s more about forgetting yourself and focusing on the outside world. The point here is that by focusing on putting other people at their ease, you’ll find that you feel much more comfortable. In addition, notice who seems a little more shy or anxious and work to help them, and you will feel more relaxed.
1.By saying “I have butterflies in my stomach”, one feels _____ .
A. lonely B. nervous
C. hungry D. sick
2.What can be learned from Paragraph 2?
A. There is nothing wrong with shyness.
B. Not all people have been shy in life.
C. People usually don’t like to be shy.
D. Shy people may have mental problems.
3.According to the passage, which of the following may cause shyness?
A. Family size. B. Past experiences.
C. People’s birthplace. D. Social relationship.
4.The underlined word “hereditary” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_____” .
A. taught by teachers
B. made up by brothers
C. passed down from parents
D. learned from friends
5.Shy people are most likely to _____.
A. accept whatever happens to them
B. refuse to believe what is right
C. avoid any communication
D. hide their confidence
6.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A. How to comfort others.
B. How to overcome shyness.
C. How to make self-improvement.
D. How to get away from shy parents.
Scientists from Australia declared that they were able to find out how some species of birds managed to develop the ability to recognize each other’s language. Together with his partners from the School of Botany and Zoology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Professor Robert Magrath discovered that fairy-wrens (细尾鹩莺) can learn the alarm calls produced by other species of birds.
Although scientists had known that some birds could understand the alarm calls of other species and use their ability to escape danger, it was unknown how they developed this ability. There were several assumptions.
Some researchers suggested that some species of birds were able to understand the alarm calls of other species due to the fact that they were born with the ability to react (反应) to calls that are somewhat similar. There was another assumption that all birds could learn alarm calls from different species over a certain period of time.
In order to find out which assumption was closer to the truth, scientists played the sounds of alarm calls of white-browed scrubwrens (白眉丝刺莺) to fairy-wrens that live side-by-side with white-browed scrubwrens in Canberra. Alarm calls of the two species are somewhat similar. The second step was playing recordings of alarm calls of white-browed scrubwrens to fairy-wrens that live 600 km away from Canberra, in Macquarie Marshes, the region where white-browed scrubwrens don’t live. The experiment showed that fairy-wrens living in Canberra fled (逃跑) but Macquarie Marshes fairy-wrens didn’t, which, according to Magrath, had to do with learning.
Another experiment involved playing recordings of a different alarm call produced by New Holland honeyeaters. Researchers said that after hearing the calls, the fairy-wrens fled, which means that they can learn calls completely different from theirs. “They have a very sharp perception (领悟力) of other species’ calls.” said Magrath.
However, some scientists had different opinions. For example, Professor Gisela Kaplan considered that learning was not the entire reason why birds fled after hearing the alarm calls. She considered that birds’ brain features an emergency pack which includes pre-programmed (预定程序) reactions at birth. The pack may be constructed of neurons that produce a basic reflex (反射作用) when it is touched off by auditory (听觉的) reactions.
“It could be that a certain sound, like a 6 kilohertz high-pitched frequency (频率), causes that basic reflex. Where the learned part comes in is the key to correctly tell whether somebody else is simply making a high-pitch call or whether it is an alarm call,” said Kaplan. She added that her team played the same recordings to magpies (喜鹊) at various distances and discovered that their reaction was different. “It depends on whether the bird’s sound is coming from within the magpie’s territory (领地). The difference can be as small as two meters,” she said.
1.According to Paragraph 2, alarm calls produced by birds mean _____.
A. they need to flee
B. there are visitors
C. there is something to eat
D. they need help to kill their enemies
2.From the experiment in Paragraph 4, we can infer that _____.
A. birds only understand alarm calls similar to theirs
B. birds are born to understand alarm calls of other species
C. birds understand alarm calls of other species by learning
D. white-browed scrubwrens are not enemies of fairy-wrens
3.Which of the following does Kaplan agree with?
A. Magpies react violently to a 6 kilohertz high-pitched frequency.
B. Magpies learn how to tell a high-pitch call from an alarm call.
C. Birds tend to give alarm calls if danger is within two meters.
D. The location of alarm calls is important to magpies’ reactions to them.
4.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. How do birds escape danger?
B. Birds can learn other species’ languages.
C. Birds have a sharp perception of alarm calls.
D. How do birds understand each other’s language?
It's been named the “Venice of Africa”, but comparisons between the unattractive community (社区) of Makoko and the historic Italian city begin and end at the water's edge.
Makoko's huts (简陋的棚) rise from the dirty waters of the lagoon around Lagos, Nigeria's biggest city — a far cry from the beautiful bridges and buildings that mark Venice.
Now it is hoped that education, with the help of creative architecture (建筑), can help create a better future for the children of Makoko.
The hope comes in the shape of a floating school, built completely by the locals. The project, backed by the UN Development Fund, the Nigerian government and the Heinrich Boll Foundation, is the brainchild of local architect Kunle Adeyemi. Kunle said that improving the poor area required something new that was more in tune with (和……融洽) local customs and the environment.
“Living on water is actually a way of life ... so, the question is then, how do you improve that condition, how do you deal with the challenges of living on water in a safe, healthy and environmentally sound way?” he said.
Canoes, long light boats, are how the 150,000 people who live in Makoko get around as they try to make a living by fishing and trading.
The new school floats on 250 empty blue barrels fixed under its wooden base designed to get around the problems of periodic flooding in the area. Fishermen search the waters for the day's catch. The floating school gives them a place to tie up their canoes and mend nets while children are in class.
Jeremiah Oleole Austin is one of the few young people to have gone on to further education. “I was born and brought up here, so I know how the people suffer. I know what they really need in this community. Without some ... training or skills, how can they go places?” said the art student. “There are only a few of us who went out into the city to see more ... If there are more schools, I believe there will be change in the community.”
1.What do the comparisons between Makoko and Venice show?
A. Makoko is far better than Venice.
B. Makoko is very different from Venice.
C. Makoko will become a second Venice.
D. Makoko deserves the name “Venice of Africa”.
2.What do Kunle's words suggest?
A. Solutions should be realistic.
B. It's hard to make a living on water.
C. There should be a change in lifestyle.
D. Unhealthy conditions are a great problem.
3.What is Jeremiah's opinion on the floating school?
A. It should teach what young people really need.
B. It gives children a chance to change their lives.
C. It should run some training courses for fishermen.
D. It's the only way to escape the state of being poor.
