Most people looking for ways to quit smoking worry about weight gain, and with good reason. Smokers who quit tend to pack on an average of 5 pounds after they stop smoking cigarettes. A new study, published by the journal Science, explains why this happens.
The new research explains that nicotine appears to combine with appetite-regulating neurons (调节食欲的神经元) in the brain, besides the receptors (感受器) that bring about addiction. These neurons help regulate how much food gets consumed, but under the influence of nicotine, they lose their self-control. This is why when smokers quit, they tend to eat more and gain weight.
The researchers believe that their discovery will lead to the development of drugs that aim at nicotine receptors on brain cells that control appetite. In the future, weight gain may no longer be a reason for smokers to delay the decision to kick the habit, but that’s no reason to wait. Nicotine-replacement treatment, while not for everyone, can help. Here are a few more ways to quit smoking and stay slim.
Drink water. To improve metabolic (新陈代谢的) rates, make half of those glasses ice water. Juice can be too high in calories, something you’ll want to keep an eye on your journey toward being a slimmer non-smoker. Plan your snacks. Healthy snacks help keep your metabolism working, so you continue to burn calories while stopping wild hunger pain, or fake hunger.
Keep moving. Exercise kills two birds with one stone. It helps you burn calories and prevents you from eating when you’re not truly hungry. It’s also a feel-good stress reliever (缓解物). Focus on your fitness and how being healthy makes you feel. Make exercise a goal and think of quitting as your reward for being physically fit.
1.Which of the following changes people’s appetite according to the new research?
A. Nicotine. B. Appetite-regulating neurons.
C. The receptors that bring about addiction. D. The food that has been consumed.
2.By saying “but that’s no reason to wait” in Paragraph 3, the author means that ________.
A. some new drugs are going to be developed soon
B. nicotine-replacement treatment cannot help everyone
C. losing weight should be an excuse for smoking
D. some ways to quit smoking while staying slim are available
3.The author believes that ________.
A. ice water can improve metabolic rates B. smokers should eat fewer snacks to keep slim
C. stress can lead to fake hunger D. exercise can help one eat less
4.The purpose of the text is ________.
A. to introduce the result of a new study
B. to explain the reason why smokers become slim
C. to prove the possibility of being a slim non-smoker
D. to tell us ways to quit smoking without gaining weight
Harvard University in the United States has been ranked as the university with the best “reputation” in the world.
The Times Higher Education magazine has listed 200 top universities all over the world based on how they are regarded by a group of international college teachers. That is to say, the list measures how universities are regarded, rather than how they actually performed.
“A subjective, word-of-mouth (口碑的) quality such as “reputation” has genuine economic value for universities,” said Simon Marginson, professor of higher education at the University of Melbourne in Australia.
“Reputation is not just an impression, though it might not be as reliable as performance by objective indicators (客观指标),” said Prof Marginson.
Based on the views of 13,000 college teachers around the world, it confirms the power of the big US universities, which dominate this list. Seven of the top 10 are US universities, headed by Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Furthermore, 14 of the top 20 are from the US. Cambridge is the highest ranking UK university in the list, in third place, with Oxford ranked as sixth.
“For students applying to university, reputation might be hard to quantify, but was an important part of the attractiveness,” said the president of Cambridge University’s students’ union, Rahul Mansigani.
“Reputation makes a huge difference. If there is an idea that somewhere is great, it will get lots of good people applying whether it’s true or not. Factors such as a sense of history and the presence of outstanding college teachers were part of the reputation of Cambridge,” he said.
1.What is special about the latest ranking of universities?
A. It is very subjective. B. It involves many indicators.
C. It is made by international professors. D. It includes universities across the world.
2.Which of the following shows the correct order of the ranking?
A. Cambridge → MIT → Oxford → Harvard
B. Cambridge → Harvard → Oxford → MIT
C. Harvard → MIT → Cambridge → Oxford
D. Harvard → Cambridge → MIT → Oxford
3.The underlined word “dominate” in Paragraph 5 probably means__________.
A. have an effect on B. make up the most part of
C. make an arrangement for D. make an improvement in
4.What can be inferred from the text?
A. No Asian universities are among the Top 10.
B. At least five UK universities are among Top 20.
C. The Times Higher Education magazine is from the US.
D. Reputation affects students’ decisions when choosing universities.
Mom noticed that something was wrong when I started getting so thirsty. I’d have a lot to drink before bed, which was unusual for me. One time, I opened a big container of apple juice and kept refilling my glass. Before I knew it, I’d drunk the entire container! My mom called my doctor. I then had a few blood tests, and the results were certain — I had diabetes (糖尿病), which meant that the amount of sugar in my blood was very high. That can be dangerous, so I had to learn how to control my blood-sugar level.
My eating habits had to change in a big way. With diabetes, I can’t eat a lot of sugar or carbohydrates (碳水化合物). I have to figure out exactly how much sugar I plan to eat, and then I get an injection of insulin (注射胰岛素) before the meal to help my body process the food. Also, I test my blood-sugar level often. I’m always trying to keep my blood sugar at a healthy level. The level can drop when I exercise, but that doesn’t keep me out of gym class or off the basketball court — I just keep some juice boxes around to boost my blood sugar if I need to.
It’s a lot of work and not a lot of fun to keep track of everything, but I’ve gotten used to my new habits. I was a little scared at first because I wasn’t sure how my life would change. Once I knew what I needed to do, though, it wasn’t a big deal. My life is different now from what it was before, but it has become completely regular to me.
1.The first paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. who found the author had diabetes
B. the author’s life before having diabetes
C. the author’s eating habits before having diabetes
D. how the author was found to have diabetes
2.What did the author do after knowing she had diabetes?
A. She stopped playing basketball in the gym.
B. She controlled her blood-sugar level strictly.
C. She stopped eating food with natural sugar.
D. She tested her blood-sugar level before every meal.
3.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The author felt upset about the disease at first.
B. There is no need for the author to control the disease.
C. Exercise has no effects on the blood-sugar level.
D. It’s hard for the author to get used to the new life.
4.What’s the author’s attitude towards her having diabetes now?
A. Worried. B. Frightened. C. Positive. D. Pessimistic.
National Gallery of Canada
Position:
National Gallery (美术馆) of Canada
380 Sussex Drive (大道)
P.O. Box 427, Station A
Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1N 9N4
Telephone: 613-990-1985 or 1-800-319-ARTS
Fax: 613-993-4385
Directions:
From Highway 417, take the Metcalfe exit (出口). Follow Metcalfe Street around the Museum of Nature and continue to the north until you reach the end of the street at Wellington. You will see Parliament Hill. Turn right onto Wellington Street and continue in the left-hand road until you reach Sussex Drive. As you approach Sussex Drive, you will see the Chateau Laurier hotel on your left-hand side. Make a left turn onto Sussex Drive and continue until you see the Gallery on your left-hand side, at the corner of St. Patrick and Sussex. The Gallery is a large glass building with two towers. Just beyond the St. Patrick / Sussex crossroads you will see the entrance to the Gallery’s underground parking.
Opening Hours:
◆ 1 May — 30 September
Open daily from 10 am to 5 pm, Thursdays to 8 pm.
◆ 1 October — 30 April
Open Tuesday to Sunday from 10 am to 5 pm; Thursdays until 8 pm. Closed Mondays.
Closed Christmas Day, New Year’s Day and 2 January 2012 (Monday).
Tickets:
$9: Adults
$7: The elderly and full-time students (ID required)
$4: Youth (12-19)
$18: Family (2 adults, 3 youths)
Free admission for children under 12 and members of the Gallery.
Free admission Thursdays after 5 pm.
1.Which of the following is the closest to the Gallery?
A. The Metcalfe exit. B. The Chateau Laurier hotel.
C. Parliament Hill. D. The Museum of Nature.
2.If the visitors plan to visit the Gallery, they should go there ________.
A. On Christmas Day B. On Thursday 9 pm C. On Sunday 4 pm D. On Mondays
3.If a family of four (two adults and two children) visit the Gallery on Thursday at 6:00 pm, they need to pay ________.
A. nothing B. 14 dollars C. 18 dollars D. 26 dollars
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.Why was the lady frightened?
A. She was lost. B. It was dark on the street. C. The man was poor and shabby.
2.What happened to the lady?
A. Her car broke down. B. Her hands were hurt. C. Her money was stolen.
3.What do we know about the waitress?
A. She helped the lady.
B. She would give birth to a baby.
C. She didn’t want to pay the lady back.
4.What is the main idea of the talk?
A. Never drive alone. B. Helping others helps yourself. C. Always get car tires ready.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1.When will Nathan be back from Chicago?
A. Next summer. B. This fall. C. This winter.
2.How does Nathan feel about working for a big newspaper?
A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Disappointed.
3.What will Nathan likely be doing?
A. Organizing files. B. Copying papers. C. Keeping the trash cleared up.
