请阅读下面各题，根据中文或首字母提示，在空格内填入一个最恰当的单词，使句子语法正确，语义完整。并将完整的单词写在答题卡相应题号的横线上。
1.“Look at those pretty little girls’ dresses” is a__________, because it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are ‘pretty’.
2.The beautiful palace makes the city become a main tourist a__________ in that country.
3.You could e__________ yourself to unnecessary risks when driving alone in an unfamiliar city.
4.It is universally acknowledged that by reading the __________(摘要), you can determine which articles are worth reading in full.
5.By investing wisely she __________(积累) a fortune, and she frequently donates large sums to charity.
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Unless you’re one of the lucky few who already know what their passion is and what they really enjoy, you will be spending a lot of time trying new things and figuring out what you’re good at and what you like. Don’t be afraid to try new things and fail in them; failing builds character. You have a lot of growing up to do in your 20s, a lot of self-examination and exploration. Use this time wisely to get to understand yourself as best as you can — not that you won’t change as you continue to get older, but it’s definitely a time of discovery, getting to know yourself and what you want in this world and what you have to contribute in the world.
Life is about change; don’t go against it and just go with it. Learn from your mistakes and grow. Let go of things you can’t change. Sometimes change will be so painful that you will want to tear your heart out, but you’ll be okay if you just hang on and know that no matter what happens, you will be alright. Win, lose or draw, life will go on and you’ll get another chance to start your life over if things haven’t gone according to your plan.
Nothing lasts forever. Enjoy every moment that you have. Enjoy life and practice being present at the moment because time goes by extremely fast. There will be both good and bad times. The bad thing about ups is that there are always downs. It’s important to really enjoy the good moments in life because you’ll need those memories to reflect back on when the bad times come. The first 10 years after high school go by at a really high speed and before you know it you’re 28 and wondering how the time has escaped you.
Choosing a life partner is hard. Relationships in general are hard, not just romantic ones but friendships, and family relations as well. Stay in touch with people who you really care about and who really care about you. Make an effort to stay an active person in their life if you really care. You will not have as many close friends as you get older and you will probably lose some friends as well. Remember that it is okay because not everyone who comes into your life is meant to stay forever; let them go and try their best to love the people who are still in your life.
Happiness, love and confidence come from within. Life is what you make of it and what you put into it. You can create whatever life you want, and if you create that life and it doesn’t work for you any more, guess what? You can create a whole new life that does work. You may not have a choice in things that happen to you but you have a choice in how you react to them. Try to stay positive no matter what life throws at you and get through the tough times by talking to friends, family and an adviser if you need to.
Things nobody tells you while you grow up | |
You’re going to spend a lot of time 1. things. | • Try new things and fail in them with no 2. because failing builds character. • Use your 20s wisely to know yourself as best as you can. |
Assume change will come. | • Don’t 3. change. • Another change will come to 4. your life if things haven’t gone according to your plan. |
Time is a 5.resource. | • Make an enjoyment of every moment because time 6.. • Good memories help you go 7. bad times. |
Relationships don’t come easy. | • 8. people who you really care about and who really care about you. • Let someone go and love those who 9.. |
You get what you put in | • Choose the way you react whatever happens to you. • Stay positive and turn to others if 10.. |
There are two basic modes of judgment: criticism and praise. The former consists of identifying a subject’s flaws; the latter of noting its worthwhile qualities.
Often, the greater intellectual challenge — as a reader, as a viewer, and as a manager — is to recognize when something is truly great.
“Managers in particular seem to have a hard time with this” said Adam Grant, the author of Originals: How Nonconformists Move the World, in a lecture at the Aspen Ideas Festival. Grant points to the work of his former student Justin M. Berg, who is now a professor of organizational behavior at Stanford University. While at college, Berg studied circus performers who were trying to make their circus world-famous. Berg asked the performers to submit videos of their works and then asked the artists themselves, circus managers, and regular audience members to evaluate them. He wanted to know, between the performers and the managers, who could predict which acts would most resonate (共鸣) with the audience members.
What Berg found is that the artists themselves were terrible judges of their own works. “On average,” Grant explained, “when they looked at 10 videos, they ranked their own videos two spots too high.” The reason, he said, is that “they’ve fallen in love with their own work.” The circus managers, however, are too negative about these works,” Grant said, “and they commit a ton of false negatives, rejecting really promising ideas.”
So why is this? Why do managers tend to find flaws, not reasons for praise? To answer that, Grant turns to the example of Seinfeld, an American sitcom (情景喜剧), which was rejected by director after director at NBC. Grant said, “You know, I realize that this show makes no sense and it’s really about nothing, and you can’t identify with any one of the characters. But it made me laugh and that’s what a sitcom is supposed to do.” The managers, by contrast, were too focused on whether Seinfeld looked like what had succeeded in the past to recognize its novel brilliancy. Years of experience had trained them to believe that a certain type of show would be successful, and prejudiced them against something that broke that mold.
But Grant says it wasn’t just experience that prevented those managers from appreciating Seinfeld. It was also that they had bad motivation. As he explained, “If you are a manager and commit a false positive, you are going to embarrass yourself, and potentially ruin your career.” Managers, he says, are terrified of committing false positives, meaning saying something will be a hit.
False negatives, by contrast, present little costs. “If you reject a great idea,” Grant said, “most of the time, no one will ever know.’’ Managers like to make safe bets and don’t mind the invisible losses.
Berg’s work was again inspiring. Berg found that there was one group whose nature did line up well with what was actually be popular with audiences: other circus artists. “They were the best forecasters by far,” said Grant. “Unlike the artists themselves, the peers could take a step back” and see a work’s flaws. But, unlike managers, the peers “were also really invested in the creative process” which enabled them to recognize when something was novel and worth the risk.
One conclusion from this would be to free managers from certain decision-making processes. But since that’s not typically possible, perhaps instead managers can be taught to think like peers, and Berg found that that can be done relatively easily. “All he did,” Grant explained, “was that he asked managers to spend five minutes brainstorming about their own ideas before they judged other people’s ideas.” “That”, Grant said, “was enough to open their minds. Because when they came in to select ideas, they were looking for reasons to say no. Get them into a brainstorming mindset first, and now they’re not thinking evaluatively but creatively.”
1.What does the underlined word “flaws” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Features. B. Dangers.
C. Values. D. Faults.
2.What can we learn about the works the circus performers submitted?
A. The circus performers committed false negatives towards them.
B. They couldn’t resonate with the audience members.
C. Both the circus performers and managers made prejudiced judgments about them.
D. The circus performers held the same opinion as the circus managers did about them.
3.By mentioning the sitcom Seinfeld, Grant intends to tell us ________.
A. why it has been popular among Americans
B. how an unknown play succeeded in the end
C. why managers tend to criticize rather than praise
D. how false positives make managers overlook its brilliance
4.Compared to false positives, false negatives ________.
A. can’t make more invisible losses
B. are more acceptable among managers
C. can potentially ruin managers’ careers
D. can make managers feel more embarrassed
5.According to Berg, managers are advised ________.
A. to think both evaluatively and creatively in judging an idea
B. to spend five minutes brainstorming before judging an idea
C. not to participate in certain decision-making processes
D. to reject any ideas that are not worthwhile
6.Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. The art of recognizing good ideas
B. The key factors in decision-making
C. The influence of false negatives
D. The two basic modes of judgment
Advances in artificial intelligence and the use of big data are changing the way many large companies recruit (招募) entry level and junior management positions. These days, graduates’ CVs may well have to impress an algorithm (算法) rather than an (human resources) manager.
While algorithms supposedly treat each application equally, experts are divided about whether so-called robo-recruitment promises an end to human prejudice in the selection process —or whether it may in fact add to it.
“AI systems are not all equal,” says Loren Larsen, chief technology officer for HireVue, which has developed an automated video interview analysis system. “I think you have to look at the science team behind the work,” says Mr Larsen.
The problem, experts say, is that to find the best candidates an algorithm has first to be told what “good” looks like in any given organization. Even if it is not given criteria that seem discriminatory, a powerful machine-learning system will quickly be able to copy the characteristics of existing workers. If an organization has favoured white male graduates from well-known universities, the algorithm will learn to select more of the same.
The growing dependence on automation to judge suitability for everything from a loan to a job worries Yuriy Brun, an associate professor specializing in software engineering. “It takes a lot of the time for a company to put out software but it doesn’t know if it is discriminatory” he says. Prof Brun explains that, considering the use of big data, algorithms will unavoidably learn to discriminate.
Many of those working with robo-recruiters are more optimistic. Kate Glazebrook, the leader and co-founder of Applied, a hiring platform, says her task is to encourage hiring manager to move away from such indicators of quality as schools or universities and move to more evidence-based methods. When candidates complete tests online, Applied hides their names and shows the tests the candidates have completed, question by question, to human assessors. Every stage of the process has been designed to remove prejudice.
With the same aim, Unilever decided in 2016 to switch to a more automated process for its graduate-level entry programme. Unilever worked with HireVue, Amberjack, which provides and advises on automated recruitment processes, and Pymetrics, another high volume recruitment company, which developed a game-based test in which candidates are scored on their ability to take risks and learn from mistakes, as well as on emotional intelligence. Unilever says the process has increased the ethnic diversity of its listed candidates and has been more successful at selecting candidates who will eventually be hired.
“The things that we can do right now are impressive, but not as impressive as we’re going to be able to do next year or the year after,” says Mr Larsen.
Still, robo-recruiters must be regularly tested in case prejudice has occurred without anyone realizing it, says Frida Polli, the leader and co-founder of Pymetrics. “The majority of algorithmic tools are most likely causing prejudice to continue existing. The good ones should be examined.”
1.What’s the purpose of adopting automated recruitment processes according to the passage?
A. For the sake of fairness.
B. For the purpose of cutting down costs.
C. To relieve the pressure of staff.
D. To favor graduates from well-known universities.
2.The automated process Unilever adopted in 2016 for its graduate-level entry programme ________.
A. was found to have prejudice
B. was copied by many other companies
C. scored the candidates on their ethnic backgrounds
D. turned out to be less or not racially discriminatory
3.According to Mr Larsen, robo-recruitment ________.
A. is good enough for wide use now
B. is not suitable for practical use now
C. will do better and better in the near future
D. will completely replace HR staff within two years
4.Frida Polli stresses in the last paragraph that algorithmic tools ________.
A. need routine checks
B. will unavoidably have prejudice
C. are mostly good and effective
D. must be combined with human staff
It is not easy getting the attention of tourists away from the well-known white sandy beaches of Byron Bay. But in this relying Australian surf town, a solar (太阳能的)-powered train might just do a good job.
Opening to the public in December 2017 along a 1.9-mile-long stretch (一段) of track that sat abandoned for more than a decade, the Byron Bay Rail Company has breathed new life into a pair of disused railcars dating back to the 1940s. They’re now used to transport passengers between Byron Bay’s central business district and the North Beach area. After remaining in service as part of a regional passenger rail network until the early 1990s, the aging railcars were out of service and sat uncared for — almost destroyed by time and unpleasant Aussie climate — in a railyard for more than 20 years. You’d never know it by looking at these nearly 70-year-old workhorses today, though: they’ve been decorated, equipped, topped with custom-made photovoltaic panels (定制的光电池板) and rearranged to accommodate up to 100 seated beach goers.
It’s those train-top PV panels that truly set the Byron Bay Rail Company’s flagship train apart from other heritage rail restoration projects.
Drawing additional power from a 30-kilowatt solar array (阵列) located atop the train’s storage building, the train is said to be the first in the world to be completely powered by the sun. Solar energy caught by the 6.5-kilowatt train-top solar panels is stored directly in an onboard battery system that powers motors, lighting and the like. When stopped at its home platform, the train pushes into chargers for quick battery top-offs with electricity produced by the storage building’s rooftop solar array. The 77 kilowatt-hour battery can hold enough juice for 12 to 15 runs on a single charge. During long periods of cloudiness when the solar arrays don’t get enough sun, the train uses the main electric network supply using renewable energy sold by community-based service Enova Energy.
The Byron Bay Rail Company’s first-in-the-world fully solar-powered train is a good example of historic rail preservation with a 21st century development. Operating as a not-for-profit company, the Byron Bay Rail Company also expected the AU$4 million line to be a way to relieve traffic jam between downtown Byron Bay and the rapidly growing North Beach area. Really, there’s no bigger unpleasant thing than sitting in bad traffic for 40 minutes trying to get to the beach.
1.What makes the train really extraordinary?
A. That it looks the same as trains from the past.
B. That it is powered by train-top PV panels.
C. That it runs along specially designed tracks.
D. That it is a heritage rail restoration project.
2.Which of the following statement is TRUE?
A. A 30-kimowatt solar array is fixed on the top of the train.
B. The train runs at the speed of 77 kilometers per hour.
C. The storage building is more than a shelter for the train.
D. It takes a long time to charge the train each time.
3.From the last paragraph, we can infer that ________.
A. the Byron Bay Rail Company has made a big profit with the train
B. the Byron Bay Rail Company offers free rides with the train
C. the train plays a key role in the rapid growth of the North Beach area
D. it used to be very inconvenient for someone to drive to the beach
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is used to reduce fever and treat pain in adults and children who are at least 6 months old.
Important information
Ibuprofen can increase your risk of heart attack or stroke, especially if you use it in the long term or take high doses(剂量), or if you have heart disease. Do not use this medicine just before or after heart surgery. Ibuprofen may also cause stomach bleeding, which can give birth to death. These conditions can occur without warning while you are using it, especially in older adults.
Do not take more than your recommended dose. An ibuprofen overdose can damage your stomach. Use only the smallest amount medication needed to get relief from your pain or fever.
A child’s dose of ibuprofen is based on the age and weight of the child. Carefully follow the dosing instructions. Ask a doctor if you have questions.
Take ibuprofen with food or milk to reduce the likelihood of a stomach upset.
Shake the liquid before you measure a dose.
Measure liquid medicine with a special medicine cup.
Store at room temperature away from heat. Do not allow the liquid medicine to freeze.
1.What’s the author’s advice on taking ibuprofen?
A. Avoiding taking it on an empty stomach.
B. Measuring the dose according to your age and weight.
C. Preventing older adults with a fever and an upset stomach using it.
D. Using a small amount of it to speed up recovery after heart surgery.
2.How does the author introduce ibuprofen to readers?
A. By presenting findings of case studies.
B. By explaining its effects together with the risks involved.
C. By giving a list of pros and cons of using it.
D. By comparing it with other medicines of the same kind.
