A memorable science project
If someone tells you to remember a phone number or address, it feels like an easy task at first. You repeat the numbers to yourself, either aloud or in your mind. But after just a few seconds you might find yourself starting to doubt your own memory. 1. Thus, it will try to throw away information that seems old or irrelevant. There are ways of helping our minds retain (记住) information, however, and in this activity you will explore ways that we lose and keep memories
Short-term, or working memory, is a way of describing most people’s abilities to store a small amount of information for a brief period of time in a readily accessible form 2. People don’t have to stop and think to remember something in short term memory.
3. Such techniques include visualizing (观察) the information in a surprising way or linking pieces of information together so that one reminds you of the other. In the case of visualizing information, this could be as simple as remembering you parked your car on the fifth floor in the D section by picturing five dogs sitting in your car! 4. If you need to purchase cereal (谷物), milk, fruit, cheese and eggs, you could imagine the cereal in a bowl, with milk pouring over it and pieces of fruit on top. Then imagine cracking an egg over everything, and it’s full of melted cheese! These may seem simple or even silly. 5. In this activity you’ll test the recall of a few friends or family members, and learn a few tricks for improving memory!
A. There are many techniques for improving memory.
B. Our brain is always seeking new and useful information.
C. Short-term memory has a short duration but is quickly and easily accessed.
D. In addition, linking information could help you remember your grocery list.
E. Retaining that information over longer periods of time becomes difficult yet.
F. Your short-term memory has a limited amount of space to store information.
G. However, they are proved to be good ways for improving memory by scientist.
Science is finally beginning to embrace animals who were, for a long time, considered second-class citizens.
As Annie Potts of Canterbury University has noted, chickens distinguish among one hundred chicken faces and recognize familiar individuals even after months of separation. When given problems to solve, they reason: hens trained to pick colored buttons sometimes choose to give up an immediate food reward for a slightly later (and better) one. Healthy hens may aid friends, and mourn when those friend die.
Pigs respond meaningful to human symbols. When a research team led by Candace Croney at Penn State University carried wooden blocks marked with X and O symbols around pigs, only the O carriers offered food to the animals. The pigs soon ignored the X carriers in favor of the O’s. Then the team switched from real-life objects to T-shirts printed with X or O symbols. Still, the pigs walked only toward the O-shirted people: they had transferred their knowledge to a two-dimensional format, a not inconsiderable feat of reasoning.
I’ve been guilty of prejudiced expectations, myself. At the start of my career almost four decades ago, I was firmly convinced that monkeys and apes out-think and out-feel other animals. They’re other primates(灵长目动物), after all, animals from our own mammalian(灵长目动物) class. Fairly soon, I came to see that along with our closest living relatives, whales too are masters of cultural learning. and elephants express profound joy and mourning with their social companions. Long-term studies in the wild on these mammals helped to fuel a viewpoint shift in our society: the public no longer so easily accepts monkeys made to undergo painful procedure in laboratories, elephants forced to perform in circuses, and dolphins kept in small tanks at theme parks.
Over time, though, as I began to broaden out even further and explore the inner lives of fish, chickens, pigs, goats, and cows, 1 started to wonder: Will the new science of "food animals" bring an ethical (伦理的) revolution in terms of who we eat? In other words, will our ethics start to catch up with the development of our science?
Animal activists are already there, of course, committed to not eating these animals. But what about the rest of us? Can paying attention to the thinking and feeling of these animals lead us to make changes in who we eat?
1.According to Annie Potts, hens have the ability of .
A. interaction
B. analysis
C. creation
D. abstraction
2.The research into pigs shows that pigs .
A. learn letters quickly
B. have a good eyesight
C. can build up a good relationship
D. can apply knowledge to new situations
3.Paragraph 4 is mainly about .
A. the similarities between mammals and humans
B. the necessity of long-term studies on mammals
C. a change in people’s attitudes towards animals
D. a discovery of how animals express themselves
4.What might be the best title for the passage?
A. The Inner Lives of Food Animals
B. The Lifestyles of Food Animals
C. Science Reports on Food Animals
D. A Revolution in Food Animals
Scientists have been studying how people use money for long. Now they’re finding some theories may apply to one group of monkeys.
Researchers recently taught six monkeys how to use money. They gave the monkeys small metal disks(圆片) that could be used like cash and showed them some yummy apple pieces. The monkeys soon figured out that if they gave one of the disks to a scientist, they d receive a piece of apple in return.
If you think that is all the monkeys can figure out, you are wrong. Two researchers, Jake and Allison, acted as apple sellers in the experiments. The monkeys were tested one at a time and had 12 disks to spend in each experiment. Jake always showed the monkeys one apple piece, while Allison always showed two pieces. But that’s not necessarily what they gave the monkeys. The number of apple pieces given for a disk was determined at random.
Experiment One: Allison showed two pieces of apples but gave both pieces only half the time. The other half, she took one piece away and gave the monkey just the remaining piece. Jake, on the other hand, always gave exactly what he showed: one piece for each disk. The monkeys chose to trade more with Allison.
Experiment Two: Allison continued to sometimes gave two pieces and sometimes one piece. But now, half the time, Jake gave the one apple piece he was showing, and half the time he added a bonus. Guess what? The monkeys chose to trade more with Jake.
In the first experiment, the monkeys correctly figured out that if they traded with Allison, they’d end up with more treats. In the second one, when a monkey received two pieces from Jake, it seemed like again. When Allison gave the monkey only one piece instead of the two she showed, it seemed like a loss. The monkeys preferred trading with Jake because they’d rather take a chance of seeming to win than seeming to lose.
We also sometimes make silly business decisions just to avoid the feeling that we’re getting less, even when were not. Would you have made the same choices?
1.What conclusion might experts draw from the first experiment?
A. The monkeys show certain business sense.
B. Business theories can apply to all monkeys.
C. People are smarter in terms of finance.
D. It’s easy to teach monkeys how to trade.
2.What does a bonus in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. A metal disk.
B. An apple piece.
C. A chance.
D. A coin.
3.Why did the monkeys choose to trade more with Jake in the second experiment?
A. Because Jake always gave them two apple pieces.
B. Because the apple pieces from Jake were yummy.
C. Because they didn’t like the feeling of losing.
D. Because they get more apple pieces from Jake.
4.What could be the best title for the passage?
A. People’s Business Decision: Lose or Gain?
B. Moneky’s Business Sense: Smart or Silly?
C. Shopping for Bargain: Same or different?
D. Disk for Apple: Who to Trade with?
The year 2117 will be an eventful one for art. In May of that year in Berlin, the philosopher-artist Jonathon Keats’ “century cameras”— cameras with a 100-year-long exposure (曝光)time—will be brought back from hiding places around the city to have their results developed and exhibited. Six months after that, the Future Library in Oslo, Norway, will open its doors for the first time, presenting 100 books printed on the wood of trees planted in the distant past of 2017.
As Katie Paterson, the creator of the Future Library, puts it: “Future Library is an artwork for future generations.” These projects, more than a century in the making, are part of a new wave of slow art intended to push viewers and Participants to think beyond their own lifetimes. They aim to challenge today’s short-term thinking and the brief attention spans of modern consumers, forcing people into considering works more deliberately. In their way, too, they are fighting against modern culture—not just regarding money, but also the way in which artistic worth is measured by attention.
In a similar fashion, every April on Slow Art Day, visitors are encouraged to stare at five works of art for 10 minutes at a time—a tough task for the average museum visitor, who typically spends less than30seconds on each piece of art.
Like the Future Library, the century cameras are very much a project for cities, since it’s in cities that time runs fastest and the pace of life is fastest. “Since I started living in a city, I’ve somehow been quite disconnected,” Anne Beate Hovind, the Future Library project manager, who described how working on the library drew her back to the Pace of life she knew when she was growing up on a farm in her youth, told The Atlantic magazine.
1.According to the first paragraph, what will NOT happenin2117?
A. A camera which was produced 100 years ago will be exhibited.
B. The Future Library will be0pen to the public for the first time.
C. Photos with a 100-year exposure time will be developed and exhibited.
D. Books printed on the wood of trees planted in 2017 will be displayed.
2.What can we learn about today’s people’s attitude toward works of art?
A. They consider works deliberately.
B. They spend little time on Works.
C. They spend much money 0n works.
D. They stare at works for 10 minutes at a time.
3.What is the purpose of the wave of slow art?
A. To advocate creating works of art slowly.
B. To protect works of art from being damaged.
C. To promote works of art for modern culture.
D. To encourage people to pay more attention to works of art.
4.How would Anne Beate Hovind feel about the city life?
A. It’s discouraging
B. It’s dull
C. Its developed.
D. It’s busy
Fall in Love With Your Writing With These Books!
Write Naked
By Jennifer Probst
WAS: $16.99
NOW: $15.99
Bestselling author Jennifer Probst reveals her pathway to success, from struggling as a new writer to signing a seven-figure deal. Written in Probst’s unmistakable and honest voice, Write Naked mixes personal essays on craft with down-to-earth advice on writing romance in the digital age.
Just Write
By James Scott Beli
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Write yourself past fears, doubts and setbacks, using your desire writing excellence to deeply involve yourself in the craft. In Just Write, you’ll learn how to master the nuances(细微差别) of fiction, discover what readers really want, and persevere through the challenges of getting started, conquering writers block and dealing with rejection.
Damn Fine Story
By Chuck Wendig
WAS: $17.99
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Great storytelling is making readers care about your characters. And to tell a damn fine story, you need to understand why and how that caring happens. Using a mix of personal stories, pop fiction examples and traditional storytelling terms, The New York Times bestselling author Chuck Wendig will help you internalize the feel of powerful storytelling,
Fearless Writing
By William Kenower
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Filled with insightful wisdom and practical advice, Fearless Writing teaches you how to accept the inner value of your work, enter a flow state while writing and overcome rejection, delay and other obstacles that prevent your creativity. With Fearless Writing, you’ll find the inner strength to set on a brave journey and build a lifelong career in the process.
1.Who shares his/her own writing experience with the readers?
A. Jennifer Probst.
B. James Scott Beli.
C. Chuck Wendig.
D. William Kenower.
2.Which book has the highest discount?
A. Write Naked.
B. Just Write.
C. Damn Fine Story.
D. Fearless Writing.
3.What do the four books have in common?
A. They are written by bestselling authors.
B. They focus on traditional storytelling terms.
C. They show how to overcome rejection.
D. They give some practical advice on writing
假定你是李华，你校将在暑假期间开办一个留学生京剧训练营(Peking Opera Training Camp). 请给你班的美国交换生Peter 写封邮件，告诉他相关信息。内容包括;
1. 介绍训练营的相关安排;
2. 说明训练营的目的;
3. 表达希望对方参加的愿望。
注意:1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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