Question

How can we reduce the risk?

There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurring—often an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.

Removing the Threat

Clearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures, for example, building protective works such as walls to make lava (熔岩) flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale eruption.

Planning for the Future

Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses, we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective, but all too often, people are drawn to the lush(葱郁的)，rolling land of a quiet volcano.

Disaster Preparedness (预案)

When a volcano comes to life, a few weeks may not be enough time to avoid a tragedy. Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur, people must be educated about volcanic dangers. Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media, and the general public should be practiced. Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.

If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope (斜坡), 21,000 people—90 percent of the town’s people—died.

1.The passage is intended for ________.

A. the general public    B. architects

C. adventurers    D. geographers

2.When building houses , people tend to ________.

A. judge volcanic dangers carefully

B. take volcanic dangers seriously

C. like to live near a quiet volcano

D. find a safer place far away from a volcano

3.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove ________.

A. The failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening

B. The importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption

C. The bravery of the people in Armero Town

D. The uncertainty of volcano’s damage

Answer

1.A

2.C

3.B

【解析】试题分析：本文属于说明文阅读，主要讲述了采取哪些行动来减少火山喷发对我们的影响和伤害。

1.

2.

3.

考点：考察说明文阅读

【名师点睛】

关于推理判断题

推理题是在掌握文章大意基础上看出作者的“ 言外之意”(between the lines)。这既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，有些推断题要从文章结构的角度进行分析，才能推断出正确答案。因此，阅读时不仅要注重词、句的理解，而且还要分析语篇的组织结构。这类试题常以如下句式发问：

What can you infer /learn/conclude from the passage?

What’s the author’s attitude toward……?

What does the passage suggest?

The author in this passage intends to __________。

答推理题时，一般无法直接从文中找到答案，但绝不可凭空猜测，也要找到答题依据。要通过文章主旨、字里行间或文中例子进行推断，通过含有感情色彩或描述情景的词句来领会作者的态度或语气，有的题也可根据常识理解来推断。但无论怎样，推理判断要以作者态度为准，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。比如文章23.4.

A. The failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening

B. The importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption

C. The bravery of the people in Armero Town

D. The uncertainty of volcano’s damage.根据第四部分第一段第二句Planning is the key to saving lives.可知在预防火山喷发时，有计划性是很重要的。再根据第二段第一句If you doubt the importance of these efforts, take another look at past volcanic tragedies, such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz.作者列举Nevado del Ruiz的例子就是为了说明有计划的重要性，因为在这次火山喷发中，正是因为没有准备，导致了很大伤亡。故B正确。