When we say older people shrink,we don't mean they become tiny enough to fit in your pocket!We just mean that it's common for older people to become a little shorter over time.This kind of shrinking can't be stopped, although people can slow this process.But why does shrinking happen at all?
Because of gravity,cushions between the bones in the spine（脊骨）get compressed（压缩）,which makes a person lose a little height and become shorter.
Another reason why some older people shrink is because of osteoporosis（骨质疏松）.Osteoporosis occurs when bone is broken down and not enough new bone material is made.Over time,bone is said to be lost.Bones become smaller and weaker and can easily break if someone with osteoporosis is injured.
Older people—especially women,who generally have smaller and lighter bones to begin with—are more likely to develop osteoporosis.As years go by,a person with osteoporosis can get small breaks in bones that are called compression fractures.These breaks cause collapse of the spine and over time the person with osteoporosis can become hunched over（驼背）.
Did you know that every day you shrink a little,too?You aren't as tall at the end of the day as you are at the beginning.That's because as the day goes on,water in the disks of the spine gets compressed due to gravity,making you just a tiny bit shorter.Don't worry,though.Once you get a good night's rest,your body recovers,and the next morning,you're standing tall again!
Smoking and drinking alcohol can make this problem worse.Want to do something right now to build strong bones?I believe what I say will help you.
1.What can we infer from the text?
A. For shrinking,people can do nothing about it.
B. If someone is injured,he will become shorter.
C. Women have smaller and lighter bones than men.
D. We aren't as tall at the end of the day as we are at the beginning.
2.What should we do if we don't want to shrink faster?
A. Reduce gravity.
B. Sleep as long as possible.
C. Be careful not to be hurt by others.
D. Keep away from smoking and drinking alcohol.
3.We can learn from the text about osteoporosis that______.
A. it makes people shorter
B. shorter people usually suffer it
C. women are more likely to develop it
D. once our bone is broken down,it will occur
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. Why do we shrink?
B. How to live a healthy life
C. How can we stop shrinking?
D. Some tips on how to keep healthy
My grandmother often said to me, “You can count the number of your true friends on the fingers of one hand.” For a long time I thought this was true. However, I’ve now discovered my grandmother was only half right. Maybe we do only make a few best friends in our lifetime, but those aren’t the only people that we can call friends. There are many different types. Let me tell you about a few of them.
One type of friends is the type I call the “football mom friend”. My neighbor Sally is a good example. We both have kids who play football in a football club, and someone has to take them to practice and pick them up. Sally and I and two other mothers take turns to do this. We meet sometimes and have tea and talk about what our kids are doing, but those are the only times that we meet each other. I enjoy being with these women, but we don’t do anything else together.
Another type is called the “hobby friend”. That’s the person you share an interest or a hobby with. Michael and Cater, who are brothers, are a good example of this type. We’re all in a bird watching club. Every few weekends the members of the club go on a trip to watch different kinds of birds. There’s nothing romantic about my relationship with Michael and Cater, of course. We just share interest in birds.
Then there’s the “other half of the couple” type of friends. Jim is married to Rose, a friend that I’ve known since college. When Rose married Jim, I realized that I would have to be Jim’s friend if I want to continue to be Rose’s. Jim and I don’t share so many interests, but we do have a friendly relationship.
1.What does the first paragraph tell us about?
A. We should make new friends.
B. We need true friends in our lifetime.
C. We must be friendly to all our friends.
D. We have rarely best friends in our lifetime.
2.Who is the writer’s true friend according to this passage?
A. Sally. B. Rose.
C. Jim. D. Michael.
3.What can we learn from the text?
A. The writer herself sometimes takes her kid to the football club.
B. Michael and Cater both fall in love with the writer.
C. Finally the writer agrees with her grandmother.
D. Sally and the writer are close friends.
4.From the last paragraph we learn that .
A. the writer made friends with Jim only because of Rose
B. Jim was the writer’s good friend at college
C. Rose didn’t want the writer to be a friend of her husband
D. the writer made friends with Rose because of Jim
Amazing Kids!Wild Jungle Writing Contest
Amazing Kids!Magazine is proud to announce that we will be hosting a Wild Jungle Writing Contest this fall! Send us your best jungle-themed stories.This contest is open to grades K-12,with three groups of K-3,4-8,and 9-12.
Three winners from each age group will be chosen to win Amazing Kids!prizes,along with an official certificate verifying their winning entry.All participants will receive a certificate of participation in the contest.
Submit（提交）all entries by NOVEMBER 30 to be considered!Please look below for rules—if your entry does not comply with（与一致）our rules,it will not be considered in the contest!Email editor@amazing-kids.org or more questions about rules.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q:What are the age limits?
A:This contest is limited to grades K-12,with a K-3,4-8,and 9-12 age group.
Q:How should I format my entry?
A:Stories should be written in English,with submissions of up to 1,200 words.Stories exceeding（超出）this length will not be considered.Please submit your entry as a Microsoft Word document.Also be sure to include all essential information,including your name,grade,address,phone number(s) and e-mail address in the body of the e-mail.
Q:How do I submit my entry?
A:E-mail your submission to editor@amazing-kids.org.Each e-mail submission will receive a return message saying that the essay is received.
Q:Is there just one prize?
A:No.Nine separate prizes will be given out,with a cash value of $ 20 for first place,$15 for second place,and $10 for third place in each age group.Certificates of participation will also be awarded to each participant in the contest.
1.Which of the following stories suits Wild Jungle Writing Contest?
A. A teenager caught a thief in a cave.
B. Three adults lost their way in the jungle.
C. A girl built an online community of her own.
D. A boy met a bear while searching for wood in the forest.
2.The winners will receive______.
A. only some money
B. a cash value of $40
C. only an official certificate
D. prizes and certificates
3.How does a kid know his story gets received?
A. His teacher will tell him of it.
B. The judges will give him a call.
C. He will be informed by an e-mail.
D. The announcement will be posted on the Internet.
4.What is the author's purpose of writing this text?
A. To promote a writing contest.
B. To introduce some ways of writing stories.
C. To make the contest better-known worldwide.
D. To call on more teens to volunteer in the contest.
Have you thought about what determines the way we are as we grow up? Remember the TV program Seven Up! It started following the lives of a group of children in 1963. We first meet them as wide-eyed seven-year-olds and then catch up with them at seven-year intervals (间隔): nervous 14-year-olds, serious 21-year-olds, then grown-ups.
Some of the stories are inspiring, others sad, but what is interesting in almost all the cases is the way in which the children’s early hopes and dreams are shown in their future lives, for example, at seven, Tony is a lively child who says he wants to become a sportsman or a taxi driver. When he grows up, he goes on to do both. Nicki says, “I’d like to find out about the moon.” and goes on to become a space scientist. As a child, soft-spoken Bruce says he wants to help “poor children” and ends up teaching in India.
But if the lives of all the children had followed this pattern, the program would be far less interesting than it actually was. It was the children whose childhood did not prepare them for what was to come that made the program so inspiring. Where did their ideas come from about what they wanted to do when they grew up? Are children influenced by what their parents do, by what they see on television, or by what their teachers say? How great is the effect of a single important event? Many film directors, including Stephen Spielberg, say that an early visit to the cinema was the turning point in their lives. Dr Magaret Me Allister, who has done a lot of research in this area, thinks that the major influences are parents, friends and the wider society.
1.In the TV program Seven Up, we can meet .
A. different groups of people at different periods of their lives
B. different groups of people at the same period of their lives
C. the same group of people at different periods of their lives
D. the same group of people at the same period of their lives
2.What are the examples in Paragraph 2 meant to show?
A. Many people’s childhood hopes are related to their future jobs.
B. There are many poor children in India who need help.
C. Children have different dreams about their future.
D. A lot of people are very sad in their childhood.
3.Spielberg’s words show that .
A. going to a movie at an early age helps a child learn about society
B. a single childhood event may decide what one does as a grown-up
C. parents and friends can help a child grow up properly
D. films have more influence on a child than teachers do
假定你是李华，近期你看到了共享单车(shared bikes)“绿色出行”的宣传后决定改变出行方式，并发现骑单车的许多好处。请你就此为校刊“英语园地”写一篇短文。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Students today should do more reading. Indeed, the importance of reading can never be very stressed. First of all, reading, especial out-of-class reading, enrich our mind and broadens our horizons. Through reading, we learn what can’t be learnt in our classrooms. Beside, reading is also a way of relaxation. This is very refreshing to read a story before going to bed, or after a day of the study. There were many famous sayings about reading, like “Reading is to the mind that exercise is to the body”. Then how can we develop the habit of reading? In the first place, I believe we should start from an early age, then stick on it and never give up. Secondly, we should read what we are interested and also what is proper for us.
