How to Become an Activist （活动家）
Activists are people who see the need for change and devote their time to doing something about it. 1. If you are interested in it you can do so.
2. This could be anything from a student club to a national organization （like the American Civil Liberties Union or the National Organizers Alliance）. Most activist organizations offer different levels of involvement, so you can do whatever you feel most comfortable with, whether that means attending meetings and demonstrations or just donating a little money when you can.
Volunteer your time. One of the best ways to make a difference is to volunteer your time. Reach out to organizations in your community that do work for your cause, and ask how you can help.
Donate money or supplies. 3. If you can’t afford to donate money to an organization that supports your cause, you may be able to donate other things they need, like clothing or canned food.
Reach out to family and friends. Tell your family and friends about your cause, and invite them to get involved. If they are interested, share literature about your cause or just talk to them about what you have learned. 4.
Promote your cause on social media. You can use social media to help keep your friends and followers informed about the causes you support. 5. Also, you can invite your friends to attend events or donate to fundraisers for your cause.
A. Take classes on issues related to your cause.
B. Join an organization that supports your cause.
C. They are driven by passion and a vision for a better future.
D. If you do volunteer work, invite them to volunteer with you.
E. Most activists or charitable organizations need resources to do their work.
F. Post useful articles and write about what you are doing to stay involved.
G. If you can’t reach out to them in person, then try connecting to people online.
Food storing is common in members of the crow（乌鸦）family. A new study tested the birds outside this naturally occurring behaviour, which may have evolved（进化）specifically because it gives crows a survival advantage. Some crow species are known to naturally use tools to recover food. So the researchers tested whether the birds could store and recover a tool so they could get it at their food after a gap of 17 hours—something we wouldn’t expect them to do naturally. But they were able to instantly select the tool out of a number of unnecessary items.
In another experiment, the researchers taught crows to select a token （礼品券）from a number of items so that they could then exchange for food. Again, the birds then showed that they could plan for the future using this new behaviour. This is different from all of the previous studies in future planning, which have focused on naturally occurring behaviour. For example, we know that chimpanzees select, transport and save appropriate tools for future needs.
These studies have shown that animals can plan for the future—but they left an important question open for debate. Are animals only able to plan to use abilities that have evolved to give them a specific advantage, or can they flexibly and intelligently apply planning behaviour across various actions? Most critics would say the former, as the animals were tested in naturally occurring behaviours.
But the new research provides the first evidence that animal species can plan for the future using behaviour that doesn’t typically occur in nature. This supports the view that at least some recognitive abilities in animals don’t evolve just in response to specific problems. Instead, it suggests that animals can apply these behaviours flexibly across problems in a similar way to humans. We need to investigate how flexible behaviour evolved. Then we might be able to see how crows’ ability to plan for the future fits in with their broader cognitive powers.
1.What’s the new finding about some crows according to Paragraph 1?
A. They can store food. B. They can use tools to recover food.
C. They can store and recover tools. D. They can select and store food.
2.What are crows trained by scientists to do when given a token?
A. Reject it casually. B. Exchange it for food.
C. Save it as their food. D. Build a nest with it.
3.What do scientists think of the studies that animals can plan for the future?
A. They are controversial. B. They are disappointing.
C. They are contradictory. D. They are convincing.
4.What can be inferred about recognitive abilities in animals?
A. They develop only with age.
B. It is unclear how they’ve evolved now.
C. No animals but crows benefit from them.
D. Planning for the future helps their evolution.
Self-driving vehicles will rely on cameras, sensors and artificial intelligence（AI）to recognize and respond to road and traffic conditions, but sensing is the most effective for objects and movement in the neighborhood of the vehicle. Not everything important in a car’s environment will be caught by the vehicle’s camera. Another vehicle approaching at high speed on a collision （碰撞）track might not be visible until it’s too late. This is why vehicle-to-vehicle communication is undergoing rapid development. Our research shows that cars will need to be able to chat and cooperate on the road, although the technical challenges are considerable.
Applications for vehicle-to-vehicle communication range from vehicles driving together in a row, to safety messages about nearby emergency vehicles. Vehicles could alert each other to avoid collisions or share notices about passers-by and bicycles.
From as far as several hundred metres away, vehicles could exchange messages with one another or receive information from roadside units（RSUs）about nearby incidents or dangerous road conditions through 4G network A high level of A1 seems required for such vehicles, not only to self-drive from A to B, but also to react intelligently to messages received. Vehicles will need to plan, reason, strategize and adapt in the light of information received in real time and to carry out cooperative behaviours. For example, a group of autonomous vehicles might avoid a route together because of potential risks, or a vehicle could decide to drop someone off earlier due to messages received, a foreseen crowding ahead.
Further applications of vehicle-to-vehicle communication are still being researched, including how to perform cooperative behaviour.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The reasons for the accidents by self-driving vehicles.
B. The research about applications for self-driving vehicles.
C. The importance of artificial intelligence of self-driving vehicles.
D. The reasons for developing communication between self-driving vehicles.
2.What does the underlined word “alert” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Alarm. B. Condemn.
C. Ignore. D. Govern.
3.What can we learn about roadside units （RSUs）?
A. They classify the vehicles on the road.
B. They can improve bad road conditions.
C. They take over the passing vehicles.
D. They serve as efficient information stations.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A. When do vehicles communicate?
B. The reasons why a high level of AI is important
C. Vehicle-to-vehicle communication is coming
D. What do applications for vehicle-to-vehicle communication need?
To the people who came to Christopher Morley Park in Roslyn, he had no name. To them, he was “the ice cream man”. He was just two hands and a smile handing back ice cream from the van（面包车）window. To me, he was my older brother, Andrew.
Once, he worked on Wall Street. But later he spent his days selling ice cream to an endless line of kids, moms and dads in swimming suits, perhaps daydreaming of a beach faraway.
All day long, while he sold bags of potato chips, cans of soda, and all types of ice cream, he would do this sort of robotic motion—turn to the right, stoop down, hand the item out of the window and collect the money.
His drinking days were over now. They neared their end one night after he took a severe beating when someone followed him home and robbed him when he was drunk. It left him memories of pain and misery. He was determined he would never take another drink again.
One day years later, I went to look for him. I slipped into the high driver’s seat and sat quietly watching him work. Occasionally, he would ask me to hand him a diet root beer or a bag of chips for sale, all the time bending over as he worked the long line.
As I watched him sell ice cream from a van window, he taught me something about living this life that we all pass through too quickly. It was a lesson about trying to live it with grace and dignity and style, no matter what.
He died in March 1999. He had served in the Army for two years in Europe in the 1950s. They gave him a soldier’s funeral with a folded flag.
1.Where was Andrew likely to sell the ice cream?
A. On a train. B. In a park.
C. On Wall Street. D. In a supermarket.
2.What did the author think of Andrew’s job?
A. Busy and hard. B. Challenging but time-consuming.
C. Honorable and well-paid. D. Busy but badly-paid.
3.What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The robbers. B. The painful memories.
C. The consumers. D. The drinking days.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To remember his brother. B. To tell a regrettable story.
C. To share a sad life lesson. D. To state his attitude towards life.
Here’s a selection of festivals for tourists to the United States in summer.
San Francisco Silent Film Festival
Films at this odd cinematic event have a variety of musical accompaniments, including piano and violin. It includes some classic silent movies. If you want to see them all, you can buy a festival pass.
May 29 to June 1; www. silent film. org
Union Street Festival
This popular street fair stretches out over six blocks of the city, in the fashionable shopping area of Union Street. This year, there’s beer, wine tasting and more separate themes—fashion, cuisine, tech, local, craft, and health and fitness.
June 7 to 10; www. unionstreetfestival. com
North Beach Festival
This is San Francisco’s oldest street party, with live entertainment, delicious food and arts and crafts. Situated in the Little Italy district, known for its associations with the “Beat Generation”, festival goers are guaranteed plenty of good Italian food. There is also as the “blessing of the animals”, a San Francisco tradition which takes place at the National Shrine of Saint Francis of Assisi （610 Vallejo Street） at 2 pm on both days of the festival.
June 14 to 16; www. sfnorthbeach. org
Stern Grove Festival
This is the oldest free summer arts festival of its kind in the United States. It includes a wide variety of acts, from the local symphony orchestra to well known artists such as Smokey Robinson.
Sundays from June 22 to Aug 24; www. sterngrove. org
1.Which of the following festivals contains the most themes?
A. San Francisco Silent Film Festival. B. Union Street Festival.
C. North Beach Festival. D. Stern Grove Festival.
2.How is North Beach Festival different from the other festivals?
A. It lasts the shortest time. B. Festival goers can enjoy food in it.
C. It has the longest history of food. D. Some foreign culture is presented in it.
3.When can you enjoy the oldest arts festival in the United States?
A. Saturdays in May. B. Saturdays in July.
C. Sundays in May. D. Sundays in July.
假如你是王平，目前正在纽约一所中学做交换生。你校汉语俱乐部发布广告，招聘暑期汉语代课老师，你对此很感兴趣。请你用英语给该招聘负责人发一封电子邮件，
主要内容包括：
1.表明发邮件的意图；
2.介绍自身优势；
3.询问详细相关信息（开课及结束时间、每天上课节数及报酬等）。
注意：
1.字数100词左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头结尾已经给出，不计入文字总数。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I have read about your advertisement for a part-time Chinese teacher this summer holiday.________________
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Yours sincerely,
Wang Ping
