Kinds of friendships
There are many different kinds of friendships to distinguish.If people are honest with one another and clearly define（界定）which kind of friendship they have,they can avoid a lot of misunderstanding.And if people can learn to move on from a relationship that is over,they will be better off.
Then,what are the different kinds of friendship?Well,the first kind is the social friend.This is the kind of friend that people have most of.This kind of friend isn't someone who you hang out with all the time or live with,but you know them and associate with（与…交往）them at a bar,store or some other public places.They're nice to talk to when you see them and are usually good for a laugh.However,they are not good to talk about a problem with.
The second kind is the counselor（顾问）.This is a friend you go to when you need advice or just someone to listen.You value their wisdom or at least the fact that they are good at listening to you.You can tell this kind of friend almost anything without fearing gossip（闲言碎语）.They are the kind of friend you can trust but you just don't hang out together,unless you want to talk about something important.
The third kind is the fun boy/girl.This kind of friend can usually be counted on to go somewhere with you at a moment's notice.They like hanging out with you whether you're going to a store or a bar or wherever.They're good tension relievers because you know you're just going to have a good time.This kind of friend isn't someone you go to for advice;in fact you shouldn't affect your relationship by getting serious about something.They're trustworthy and you know they aren't going to gossip about what you do together.Don't expect anything else from this kind of friend; just have a good time.
The fourth kind of is the work friend.This is the friend you have at work.You interact（交流）at work only.This may include having a break together,maybe even shopping with them or running an errand（差使）during lunch or after work.They're usually not good to get advice form but on some occasions things might be discussed and you might give each other advice.Mostly you talk about the job.
The last kind is the lifetime friend.This friendship is very rare and usually is found in marriage relationships. This kind of friend is all the above rolled into one.
Kinds of friendships | ||
Introduction | ※You will not1.your friends if you clearly define your friendship. ※It is good for you if you can recover from a(n)2.relationship soon. | |
Different kinds of friendships | The social friend | ※You associate with this kind of friend in some3.places. ※You can have a good time in talking with such friends,but you’d better not4.problems with them. |
The counselor | ※This kind of friend is someone you seldom hang out with but you can always5.them about your problems. ※They are good6.and can keep a secret. | |
The fun boy/girl | ※This kind of friend can make you7.by going somewhere with you. ※Though they are8.,you’d better associate with them just for fun. | |
The work friend | ※This kind of friend is for you to interact with just at work. ※The main9.of your talk is the job. | |
The lifetime friend | ※This kind of friend10.the main qualities of those friends mentioned above. | |
On a recent visit to the Museum of Modem Art with a friend and her daughter,wandering through the museum's exhibits,I was struck by how often my friend's 13-year-old daughter asked us to take photos of her with her smart phone in front of the artwork.Then,she gazed at the photos which she would then post on Instagram,Snapchat and all the rest.She was not the only person who was doing this; it seemed everyone was busy taking photos of themselves "experiencing" the museum.
This is by no means a criticism of my friend's daughter or anyone else.What was concerning,at least to me,was that in between being photographed and posting,my friend's daughter had no interest in the artwork,a fact which didn't seem to matter or have anything to do with wanting to post herself as someone enjoying the experience.
When I was her age,I had no interest in going to museums either.Having no interest in art at her age (and any age) is completely normal.But what is disturbing is how much of a young person's energy these days goes into creating an image of the life they're living and the character they "are" in that life.While creating a self-image has always been a big part of growing up and figuring out our identity,social media seems to have changed the rules of the game.Social media has not just increased the pressure and possibility of creating a self-generated（自我创造的） self-image,but also distorted（歪曲）the process through which we become who we are.Young people now seem to be creating an image of who they are in place of becoming who they are,posting their life rather than living it.
Social media has turned life and its experiences into an exercise in narcissism（自恋，自我陶醉）.No matter what the experience is actually about,it becomes about you,the person who is living it.A concert is not about the music,a restaurant not about the food and a sport event not about the sport;it's all about you,the doer,and what the event says about you.As a result the more we use life create an identity,the more distant from life we feel.Instead of being part of it,we feel as if we have to keep generating new life material.
I hope the next time you post your story,pause for a moment and experience where you are,feel what it feels like to live what you're living without using life for your benefit,or for anything at all.Just live,without the narrative（叙述）.While you may feel this practice is a threat to your identity,causing you to miss a chance to prove your value,in fact,the benefit will far outweigh any loss it brings.
1.According to the author,the fact that her friend's daughter was not interested in the artwork is_____.
A. worrying B. unsurprising
C. unchangeable D. unbearable
2.Which of the following is the basic reason behind people's continuously posting their life?
A. Their desire for being well known.
B. Their increased focus on life.
C. The influence of social media.
D. The pressure from their family and friends.
3.The author believes that the identity people create through narcissism may______.
A. prevent them behaving properly
B. stand in the way of leading a true life
C. cause them to depend more on the remarks of others
D. damage their creativity in producing life material
4.The underlined "it" in the last paragraph refers to______.
A. trying to take control of your feelings
B. facing the threat to your identity bravely
C. improving your self-image through writing
D. experiencing what you're doing practically
It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.They recycle their garbage because they care about the environment.They pay $5 for a caramel brulee latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions（性情）,but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are,as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern,by observing our own behavior.We can be strangers to ourselves.If we knew our own minds,why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior?If our minds were an open book,we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes.Actually,we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover,we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before.Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us,which we fail to recognize.Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn’t.Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us.We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make,people become what they do,though it may not be in compliance（符合）with their true desires.Therefore,we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice:"We are what we pretend to be,so we must be careful about what we pretend to be."
1.According to the passage,personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to______.
A. determine one's behavior B. reflect one's taste
C. influence one's surroundings D. result from one's habits
2.Which of the following would Daryl Bern most probably agree with?
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
3.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
4.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
Have you ever felt like you are not given the kind of respect you deserve?In one way or another,all of us have felt this way.We've yearned（渴望）to be looked at as an authority,someone people look up to and trust.We're not taught in school how to do this and our parents didn't tell us the secret on how to establish our authority.It's something we learn and gain by ourselves.And the answer is as simple as changing our mindset.What?No way!Oh but it is.People tend to underestimate the power of the mind.Change your game by changing your mind.
Take time to look back and think about people in your life who are an authority or a leader at work,who has more credibility（可信度）than you or who you look up to and inspires you.They are up there not for the reasons you think.If you really think about it,they aren't the smartest of the bunch,not the most educated,and neither are they the best.And in no way do they even call themselves an expert.Instead,they are up there because they are great teachers and advocates（支持者）for the success of their customers or employees.
Let's take Richard Simmons for example.This famous fitness personality has been a household name ever since he started gaining popularity during the first few years of his career.Stop and think,though,do you really think he is the best person to really get people into shape?Is he the Einstein of fitness and nutrition?Or does he even call himself a master of his craft?Of course not.People look up to him and give him authority because he is a great educator. Instead of sharing information that's far too complicated to understand,he figures out what your problems are and finds out a way to fix them.He even has social media that he updates on a regular basis with topics that are helpful and easy to understand for his fans and followers.
Depending on the field you're in,you can share with people things you know and that you think they will want to know as well.If you're a nurse,for example,you can make a blog post for common health problems and quick remedies（治疗方法）people can do at home.Remember,the simpler you can make it,the better.People will trust you completely if you give them easy solutions.Like Richard,you'll soon be the expert you'll want to listen to.You can be an advocate also by showing people that you have their best interests at heart.You can also start up conferences to take up people's concerns and try to deal with them the best way that you can.
So,how will you be viewed as an authority?Make that mind shift.Find out what concerns and troubles your target.Give solutions.Show that you care.And help them climb up that ladder of success.Ladies and gentlemen,that's how it's done.
1.What can we know about Richard Simmons?
A. He is as intelligent as Einstein.
B. He believed himself to be a master of fitness.
C. He became popular in the first few years of his career.
D. He shares complex information with his fans and followers.
2.The example of a nurse in Paragraph 4 is used to tell us .
A. the importance of trust
B. the pleasure of being a nurse
C. the ways of becoming an authority
D. the benefits of learning first aid
3.Which of the following would the author most probably agree with?
A. People always think highly of the power of the mind.
B. You can gain the knowledge of becoming an authority at school.
C. People considered as authorities are those with higher education.
D. Providing easy solutions for people can help increase your credibility.
4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(P=paragraph)
A. 
B. 
C. 
D. 
Our warming planet is expected to face serious water crisis（危机）in the coming decades — which means each nation’s natural resource will be more important than ever.
1.According to the statistics,what is the world average of freshwater resource per person?
A. 244,973 cubic kilometers B. 241 cubic kilometers
C. 3,642 cubic kilometers D. 6,122 cubic kilometers
2.Which country or region has the most freshwater resource per year?
A. Guyana B. Brazil
C. Iceland D. China
3.Which country or region appears twice on the top 5 lists?
A. Bhutan B. Seychelles
C. Canada D. Suriname
My mother asked me to call my grandmother.What could we possibly have a____about?Nothing!I just did what she told me and____called my grandmother.
When she____the phone,I planned..to have a small,10-minute exchange.____,she invited me to lunch at her house so we could____together.Hesitantly,I agreed.
After hanging up the phone,I immediately____agreeing to the lunch date on Saturday.
Surprisingly,my Saturday morning wasn't____.I found it was nice to see her.I forgot the time____her stories about her recent trip to Europe and her sewing class.I wasn't____that 60-year-old people had a social life.It turned out that he r____wasn't as mundane（平凡的）as I thought.I was happy to have spent time with her.We planned to meet____at her house.My mom didn't have to____me any more.
This time I didn't feel the gloom（忧郁）.____I wanted to ask were building up in my mind: What was my grandfather like?What did you do at my age?
As we looked through pictures,I was____.I had never seen,nor imagined,my grandmother as a young girl.She reminded me of myself.I learned that as humans,we____human experiences,no matter what age.
She told me about the time she and her friends went swimming in the lake late at night and the first time she met my____."You would have adored him.He was the funniest man I'd ever met."We sorted through three shoeboxes of photographs,each with a____story.
Ever since that____phone call to my grandmother,we have talked at least once a week.I regret not calling her earlier.She has____me what can't be learned in a textbook: being open to new things,enjoying the simple things,and appreciating what life has given me.I have____a new perspective（视角）on life.
1.A. chance B. dream C. secret D. conversation
2.A. nervously B. appropriately C. painfully D. calmly
3.A. attached B. showed C. heard D. answered
4.A. However B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Besides
5.A. swim B. chat C. shop D. cook
6.A. avoided B. enjoyed C. forgot D. regretted
7.A. funny B. special C. boring D. tiring
8.A. listening to B. belonging to C. looking forward to D. living up to
9.A. aware B. sure C. clear D. afraid
10.A. wisdom B. life C. strength D. success
11.A. too B. again C. then D. once
12.A. press B. permit C. promise D. reward
13.A. Requirements B. Experiences C. Suggestions D. Questions
14.A. puzzled B. embarrassed C. surprised D. relaxed
15.A. imagine B. share C. improve D. gather
16.A. teacher B. friend C. father D. grandfather
17.A. new B. common C. nice D. familiar
18.A. last B. unexpected C. polite D. helpful
19.A. asked B. proved C. taught D. tested
20.A. questioned B. gained C. overcome D. advertised
