Question

There's a curious thing about people.All of us are driven in some way or another to achieve—we want to run faster,be more creative,win more awards,and earn more money.But here's the thing: if you want to offer warm words of wisdom,constructive criticism or "360-degree feedback",then think again.Most of us would rather not hear it.

Our easily-broken egos（自尊心）are partly to blame.We all want to meet our own expectations of ourselves,and so being critised can present a huge threat to our egos.Yet as decades of psychological theory and research have indicated,people have endless tricky strategies of remaining positive in the face of criticism.For this reason,rather than us welcoming feedback with open arms,our first response is often an automatic defense.These reactions serve to make us feel better about ourselves.

Psychological research exposes this unhealthy appetite for ignorance.In one study,students watched a false educational film about a serious disease called "TAA Deficiency".In fact,TAA Deficiency is completely fictional,but the students were not told this information;instead,they were asked whether they wished to provide a cheek test for assessing（评估）their risk of developing the disease.Half of the students were told that if they ever developed TAA Deficiency,then the treatment would involve them taking a two-week course of pills.Of this group,52% agreed to provide the cheek test.The other half of students learned the treatment would involve taking the pills for the rest of their lives.Of this group,only 21% agreed to the test.

These findings show a common pattern seen in other studies within and beyond the context of healthcare.That is,people are especially resistant to hearing feedback when they believe it could force them to do something difficult or unpleasant.

1.What can we infer from paragraph 1?

A. People should be satisfied with what they have.

B. People should offer constructive criticism.

C. People should be cautious when giving advice.

D. People should care less about others.

2.How do people usually react when facing criticism?

A. They try to avoid it.

B. They deal with It seriously.

C. They tend to fight against others.

D. They turn to psychological theory.

3.Why didn't most of the second group agree to the test?

A. They didn't believe in the result.

B. They knew there wasn't such a disease.

C. They were sensitive to the negative result.

D. They didn't agree with the test.

4.What can be the best title for the passage?

A. Meeting Criticism

B. Rethinking Feedbacks

C. Improving Healthcare

D. Fighting TAA Deficiency

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.B

【解析】本文主要讲述了人的反思与反馈，当人们对一件事情的结果比较敏感的时候，就会选择抗拒这件事，比如面对批评，人们的第一反应是逃避。

1.C

推理判断题。根据第一段“ if you want to offer warm of wisdom, constructive criticism or "360-degree feedback", then think again. Most of us would rather not hear it.”如果你想提供热情的智慧、建设性的批评或“360度反馈”，那就再想想吧，我们大多数人宁愿不去听。可知我们劝告时要谨慎。故选C.

2.A

细节理解题。根据第二段“.Yet as decades of psychological theory and research have indicated, people have endless tricky strategies of remaining positive in the face of criticism. For this reason, rather than us welcoming feedback with open arms, our first response is often an automatic defense.”然而，几十年的心理学理论和研究表明，人们在面对批评时有着无穷无尽的狡猾策略，因此我们不是张开双臂欢迎别人的反馈，我们的第一反应往往是自动防御。可知面对批评人们试图避开它。故选A.

3.C

细节理解题。根据最后一段“That is, people are especially resistant to hearing feedback when they believe it could lead them to do something difficult- or unpleasant.”可知当人们认为他们可能会做一些困难或不愉快的事情时，他们特别反对听反馈。可知一部分学生不愿意做测试是因为他们对负面的结果很敏感。故选C.

4.B

主旨大意题。根据文中最后一段“These findings show a common pattern seen in other studies within and beyond the context of healthcare. That is, people are especially resistant to hearing feedback when they believe it could lead them to do something difficult- or unpleasant.”这些发现显示了在医疗领域内外的其他研究中常见的模式，也就是说，当人们认为可能会导致他们做一些困难或不愉快的事情时，他们特别反对听到反馈。可知整篇文章讲的是人的反思与反馈。故选B.

【名师点睛】

细节理解题属直接解答性问题，是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。

做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：

1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；本文主要讲述了人的反思与反馈，当人们对一件事情的结果比较敏感的时候，就会选择抗拒这件事。

2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；

3.将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如小题2考查人们面对批评时的反应，根据第二段“.Yet as decades of psychological theory and research have indicated, people have endless tricky strategies of remaining positive in the face of criticism. For this reason, rather than us welcoming feedback with open arms, our first response is often an automatic defense.”几十年的心理学理论和研究表明，人们在面对批评时有着无穷无尽的狡猾策略，因此我们不是张开双臂欢迎别人的反馈，我们的第一反应往往是自动防御。可知面对批评人们试图避开它。