More than 135,000 UK drinkers will die from cancer caused by alcohol(酒精)by the year 2035, researchers say. Drinking too much will cause 7,100 cancer deaths a year by 2035, a rise of 13 percent on the present rate. A study by Sheffield University and Cancer Research UK shows that alcohol will cost the NHS(National Health Service) ￡53billion over the next ten years including ￡2 billion on cancer.
Although alcohol is known to cause many types of cancer including breast and throat most people don’t realize the relation between alcohol and cancer. A survey of 2,100 Britons by the researchers earlier this year found nine in ten did not associate drinking with cancer. The researchers used a computer model to work out the numbers of alcohol-related cancer deaths, hospital admissions(入院)and total costs to NHS over the next 20 years.
The study shows that a fifth of men and 1 in 10 women have alcohol every day---and many of these are middle-aged and middle class. Researchers are very worried about this group as they believe cancer may be caused by drinking over long periods. The study shows that even if the expense stays as it is, alcohol-related cancer deaths will rise from 6,299 in 2015 to 7,097 in 2034. Alcohol will lead to 891, 299 hospital admissions, up from 802, 118 in 2015, and 65, 005 will be caused by cancer.
Earlier this year Chief Medical Officer Dame Sally Davies studied carefully the alcohol guidelines(指导方针)for the first time in thirty years. She told people there was no safe level of drinking and advised them to drink no more than 14 units a week. But researchers say this guidance isn’t enough and want the government to increase a little price per unit of alcohol.
1.What can we learn from the text?
A. Fewer people will die of cancer in the future
B. Alcohol will be the only cause of cancer deaths
C. More and more people will get rid of the habit of drinking
D. The computer model can offer researchers useful numbers
2.What does the underlined word “associate” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Share B. Compare
C. Connect D. Replace
3.The researchers hope the government can __________.
A. raise the price of alcohol properly
B. remove the nation’s drinking habit
C. improve middle-aged persons’ income
D. provide fund for National Health Service
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A. People Having Alcohol Must Suffer from Cancer
B. All People Have Known Alcohol May Cause Cancer
C. Researchers Are Trying to Discover the New Causes of Cancer
D. Alcohol will Have Worse Effects on British People over the Coming Years
New York City is a place full of surprises for many first-time visitors. Americans and foreigners alike experience a kind of culture shock when they first arrive. It is one of the most centers of higher education in the United States. Many young people like to live and work in America's largest city. But if you do not know where to start, it helps to belong to a community.
The city has a place where students have a chance to meet, and find their place in the world. It is a private center called International House. It serves students from more than 100 countries.
Adjibola Amzat lives there. He is from Nigeria. "Without the International House, New York would have been a very lonely place for many people." Amzat worked as a news reporter. He left his job to study at Columbia University for a graduate degree program in journalism. Amzat likes International House. He thinks it has helped to improve his experience at Columbia University.
International House welcomes graduate students from many New York-area. They have a chance to attend many cultural celebrations throughout the year. Many students say their communication with other students has led to new friendships and personal growth.
Lebogang Mahlare is from South Africa.
Akmyrat Tuyliyev is from Turkmenistan. He says he found people from so many areas at International House. This, he says, made him want to work to change the world. “I come from a county where we don’t have different races. I’ve never seen a black person until I came to the United States. So seeing students from Russia, China, and all of these other countries, coming here to untie, was really inspiring.”
Many people who live at International House say they want to continue the relationships they have begun when they return home. And they want to share with their countrymen the leadership skills they have learned in the United States.
1.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. America B. New York City
C. Higher education D. A kind of culture shock
2.What do we know about the students living in International House?
A. They all have forgotten their own cultures
B. They celebrate each other’s holidays
C. They get along well with each other
D. They often fight with each other
3.What did Akmyrat Tuyliyev want to do when seeing people from other countries at International House?
A. Work in America
B. Change his programs
C. Work to change the world
D. Become a leader in his country
Winslow Homer was a famous American painter. Since Art History class in college, I had always admired his works and I was lucky to see a large exhibition of his works when I was in my early 30’s. It was at this event that I bought a print of his painting, “Snap the Whip”. I had it framed and until I retired from teaching it always hung in my classroom.
I thought it truly captured(捕捉)the freedom and fun of childhood. In the painting, a group of young boys are playing a game arm in arm on grass ground in front of a farm house. They are jumping and laughing wildly with great joy. One of the boys is falling down to the ground. They are not even wearing shoes!
During my last year of teaching, there was a young woman in her first year of teaching right next door to me and we got to be good friends. She had been an art student before switching to education. Her eyes were drawn immediately to this print when she entered my room. So on my last day of teaching, after the students had left, I took the painting off the wall and walked next door and gave it to her.
She was really surprised, but very pleased to have it. I was pleased that she liked it and all the students she would have would treasure(珍爱)it as much as I had. We found the perfect place for it on one of her walls and hung it together. Thank you for bringing back this wonderful memory for me.
1.How did the author treat his painting bought at the exhibition?
A. He put it up in his classroom first
B. He put it on his table
C. He sold it immediately
D. He regarded it as a useless thing
2.What is the topic of the painting?
A. Homeless children B. The nature of children
C. Hard-working farmers D. The pleasure of working
3.Why did the author give away his favorite picture to the woman?
A. She was his student B. She was very fond of it
C. She needed it in her teaching D. She would pass it to his students
4.How did the author feel after his painting hung in the woman’s room?
A. Doubtful B. Painful
C. Grateful D. Tired
Do you know how to plant a tree? Once you’ve chosen a tree, you’ll need to prepare your place for planting.
Planting the Tree
Dig a hole a foot deeper than and twice as wide as the root ball of the new tree. Loosen the soil at the bottom and sides of the hole, so roots will be able to easily enter the soil.
Gently remove the tree from the container and guide the tree into the hole. Build soil up and around the roots if necessary, so the tree is at the same soil level as it was originally grown.
Straighten the tree in the hole. Before you begin filling, have someone view the tree from several directions to confirm that the tree is straight. You should fill the hole with existing soil that has been mixed with rich materials. At this time you can also add bone meal and then water the tree.
Caring for the Tree
Caring for the tree once it is planted, is an important step so you should provide regular watering. Always feel the soil before watering, as over-wearing can also harm the tree. When soil is dry below the surface of the covering, it’s time to water. You will probably need to water at least once a week. Continue until mid-fall, when lower temperatures call for less-frequent watering.
When to Plant a Tree
Now that you know how to plant a tree, the next step is deciding when to plant. Spring and fall are generally the best times to plant a tree. This gives the tree time to adjusts(调整)before summer heat or winter cold arrives. In areas without cold winters, trees may be planted during the winter.
1.How wide a hole should you dig if the root ball of your tree is 20cm wide?
A. 10cm B. 20cm
C. 30cm D. 40cm
2.Which of the following is one of the suggestions for planting a tree?
A. Making the tree straight in the hole
B. Watering the tree as much as possible
C. Filling the hole with soil without anything
D. Planting the tree in winter is best for its growth
3.What can we learn from “Caring for the Tree”?
A. It is necessary to keep the soil in the hole from getting dry
B. It isn’t very important to care for it after the tree is planted
C. It is very important to make sure that the soil in the hole is dry
D. It is necessary to water the tree frequently in lower temperatures
4.Why are spring and fall the best times to plant trees?
A. Both seasons don’t have much rain
B. It is easy to dig holes in both seasons
C. Trees can grow faster and well in both seasons
D. Trees have time to prepare to pass the following hard times
Researchers who use animals in psychological experiments must make every effort to minimize (最小化) discomfort, illness, and pain. And procedures that cause animals great suffering are permitted only when no other procedure is available. Moreover, there are federal regulations stating how animals art to be housed, fed. and preserved. Not only must researches try very hard to avoid causing physical discomfort, they are also required to promote the psychological well-being of some species of research animals, such as monkeys.
Why should animals be used for research in the first place? Is it really possible to learn about human behavior from the results of research employing rats and pigeons? The answer is that psychological research that does employ animals has a different focus and is designed to answer different questions than research that uses humans. For example, the shorter life span of animals (rats live an average of two years) allows researchers to learn about the effects of aging in a much smaller period than they could by using human participants. Moreover, some principles of behavior are similar across species, and so some basic behavioral phenomena can be studied more simply in animals. Finally, some studies require large numbers of participants that share similar backgrounds or have been exposed to particular environments—conditions that could not practically be met with human beings.
Research using animals has provided psychologists with information that has greatly benefited humans. For example, it provided the keys to noticing eye disorders in children early enough to prevent permanent damage
Despite the value of research with animal participants, the use of animals in psychological research is highly controversial. For example, some critics believe that animals have rights no less significant than those of humans, and that because animals are unable to agree to participation in studies, their use is not moral. Others object to the use of animals on methodological (方法论的) grounds, saying it is impossible to generalize from finding on nonhuman species to humans.
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