Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbors, even pets, will all help, but the biggest longevity (长寿) seems to come from marriage. The effect was first noticed in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than the married people. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect can be seen in all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the chances are all against you, marriage can more than compensate you. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Similarly, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their husband or wife’s death, and caring for your husband or wife with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the chances favor marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complicated, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms(生理机制). For example, social contact can promote development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The overall social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: "People are inter-connected, so their health is inter-connected."
1.It can be inferred from the context that the "flip side" (Para. 2) refers to _________.
A. the disadvantages of being married
B. the emotional problems arising from marriage
C. the responsibility of taking care of one's family
D. the consequence of a broken marriage
2.What does the author say about social networks?
A. They have effects similar to those of a marriage.
B. They help develop people's community spirit.
C. They provide timely support for those in need.
D. They help relieve people of their life's burdens.
3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. It's important that we develop a social network when young.
B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.
C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.
D. We should share our social networks with each other.
So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for what only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that "reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible."
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does not make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching will aid the child in knowledge. Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. "Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children."
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading.
1.The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that____.
A. it is one of the most difficult school courses
B. students spend endless hours in reading
C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance
D. too much time is spent in teaching of reading
2.The word "scrutiny"（Para.3） most probably means____.
A. inquiry B. observation
C. control D. suspect
3.The main idea of the passage is that ____.
A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read
B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible
C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught
D. reading is more complicated than generally believed
As a Fulbright（富布莱特法案基金）scholar at Yale, I wanted very much to get some individual help from some famous professors, but their office-hours were only once a week and there were always students waiting outside. At first, I was too polite to get their help. Then I realized that Chinese politeness does not work in this society. I needed to be aggressive to get what I wanted. I also noticed that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.
I was impressed by the role of the professor in the class. The professor didn’t act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a researcher looking for answers to questions together with the students. One linguistic feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal verbs-far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said: “this is my personal opinion and it could be wrong. It would be a good idea if you could read the book I mentioned the other day.” Or,“ You may find the book I recommended helpful.” Or,“You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting.” When making comments on students’ performances, the professor usually said:” It might have been much clearer if you had taken in some of the ideas we discussed earlier this semester.”
In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct directions. Therefore students always expect the professor to give an answer to the question. I still remember how annoyed they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authorities are much higher than those of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they were sure about it. That is why they make far more certain statement than American students. That is why Chinese students find it difficult to use modal verbs because the function of modal verbs is to provide room for negotiation and different ideas.
1.The American professors use many modal verbs because they want to______.
A. argue with their students
B. be more sure about their answers
C. express their ideas more clearly
D. develop their students’ own way of thinking
2.Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s idea?
A. Chinese professors can always give correct answer to the question.
B. American professors are not responsible since they don’t give students answers.
C. American education produces aggressive students.
D. Education in China is not helpful in developing students’ creativity.
3.Which of the following methods did the author mainly employ in developing the article?
A. Comparison and contrast. B. Cause and effect.
C. Giving examples. D. Description.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards education in U.S.?
A. Positive B. Negative
C. Neutral D. Unsure
某英文报健康栏目征文。请你根据下面的内容提示，写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对健康的看法。
1.健康的重要性；
2.你的建议：饮食、锻炼、养成良好的生活习惯等。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today I visited an experienced English teacher, who used to be mom’s teacher. Both mom and I were eager to get some advice to improve her English. He welcomed us warm and began testing my English knowledge, asking me to read the texts and spelling some words. I did well as I had interested in English since childhoo. He was pleased with my performance but gave me valuable suggest: preview and review.
Then he goes through my English papers, only to find my bad handwriting, which needed being improving badly. Under his guidance, I practiced writing letters, words, sentences and a whole text.
I was surprised at what beautifully I wrote! What the wonder!
I was living alone in an apartment and knew no one else living there. It was winter and we had a heavy ice storm—2 to 3 1. (inch) of solid ice covered everything. I was on my way 2. (work), when I slipped, bending my left ankle from my toes 3. the back of my calf (小腿). Of course, it 4. (break), but the funny part of this 5. (be) that my dress flew up over my head!
So there I was, sitting on the ice, my ankle broken, my dress up over my face, my body slowly freezing to 6. (dead), and in horrible pain. Just then two young men I didn’t know 7. (come) along, saw me there crying, and rushed right over to me. They were strong and tall and picked up this plus-sized lady like I was 8. feather and brought me back into my apartment.
I was going into shock by then, and they called 911 and waited with me, one holding my hand and speaking 9. (gentle) to me that they would stay 10. help came. I never even got those guys’ names, and I never saw them again, but I will never forget how kind and how strong, yet gentle-they were.
