Question

There's a curious thing about people. All of us are driven in some way or another to achieve—we want to run faster, be more creative, win more awards, and earn more money. But here's the thing: if you want to offer warm of wisdom, constructive criticism or "360-degree feedback", then think again. Most of us would rather not hear it.

Our easily-broken egos(自尊心) are partly to blame. We all want to meet our own expectations of ourselves, and so being critiqued can present a huge threat to our egos. Yet as decades of psychological theory and research have indicated, people have endless tricky strategies of remaining positive in the face of criticism. For this reason, rather than us welcoming feedback with open arms, our first response is often an automatic defense. These reactions serve to make us feel better about ourselves.

Psychological research exposes this unhealthy appetite for ignorance. In one study, students watched a false educational film about a serious disease called "TAA Deficiency". In fact, TAA Deficiency is completely fictional, but the students were not told this information; instead, they were asked whether they wished to provide a cheek test for assessing(评估) their risk of developing the disease. Half of the students were told that if they ever developed TAA Deficiency, then the treatment would involve them taking a two-week course of pills. Of this group, 52% agreed to provide the cheek test. The other half of students learned the treatment would involve taking the pills for the rest of their lives. Of this group, only 21% agreed to the test.

These findings show a common pattern seen in other studies within and beyond the context of healthcare. That is, people are especially resistant to hearing feedback when they believe it could lead them to do something difficult—or unpleasant.

1.The author implies in Paragraph 1 that people should ________.

A. be cautious when giving advice    B. be satisfied with what he has

C. offer constructive criticism    D. care less about others

2.How do people usually react when facing criticism?

A. They try to avoid it.    B. They deal with it seriously.

C. They tend to defend themselves.    D. They turn to psychological theory.

3.Why didn't most of the second group agree to the test?

A. They didn't believe in it.

B. They knew it was just an experiment.

C. They were sensitive to the negative result.

D. They didn't like the way they were treated.

4.What can be the best title for the passage?

A. Meeting Criticism    B. Rethinking Feedbacks

C. Improving Healthcare    D. Fighting TAA Deficiency

Answer

1.A

2.A

3.C

4.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了人对反馈的反思，当人们对一件事情的结果比较敏感的时候，就会选择抗拒这件事，比如面对批评，人们的第一反应是逃避。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“if you want to offer warm of wisdom, constructive criticism or "360-degree feedback", then think again. Most of us would rather not hear it.（如果你想提供热情的智慧、建设性的批评或“360度反馈”，那就再想想吧，我们大多数人宁愿不去听。）”可知，我们在给出建议时要谨慎，因为大多数人们不乐意听。故选A。

2.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Yet as decades of psychological theory and research have indicated, people have endless tricky strategies of remaining positive in the face of criticism. For this reason, rather than us welcoming feedback with open arms, our first response is often an automatic defense.（然而，几十年的心理学理论和研究表明，人们在面对批评时有着无穷无尽的狡猾策略，因此，我们不是张开双臂欢迎别人的反馈，我们的第一反应往往是自动防御。）”可知，面对批评人们是试图避开它。故选A。

3.细节理解题。根据文中“That is, people are especially resistant to hearing feedback when they believe it could lead them to do something difficult—or unpleasant.（也就是说，当人们认为可能会导致他们做一些困难或不愉快的事情时，他们尤其反对听反馈。”可知，一部分学生不愿意做测试是因为他们对负面的结果很敏感。故选C。

4.主旨大意题。根据全文内容以及文中最后一段“These findings show a common pattern seen in other studies within and beyond the context of healthcare. That is, people are especially resistant to hearing feedback when they believe it could lead them to do something difficult- or unpleasant.”这些发现显示了其他在医疗领域内外的研究中常见的模式，也就是说，当人们认为可能会导致他们做一些困难或不愉快的事情时，他们特别反对听到反馈。）可知，整篇文章讲的是人对于反馈的反思。故选B。