Question

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体裁	话题	词数	难度	建议时间
议论文	友谊是自私的	518	★★★★☆	9分钟

Cicero wrote that, ＂There is nothing more fatal to friendship than the greed of gain.＂ Although a popular sentiment, it’s a deeply mistaken one.

Think about the friends you have. Try to make yourself aware of what you enjoy about those friends — that is, how they make your life better than it would otherwise be without them. You’ll probably come up with something like this: ＂Jack makes me laugh; I love his sense of humor.＂ Or ＂Sue is really dedicated to her work, and well-organized. I really admire that. It inspires me to do the same.＂ Or ＂Bill was really there for me when my mother died. I really like how supportive he can be.＂

You get the idea? And there’s no sin in this fact! The notion of ＂getting something out＂ of friends has been given a bad name, for two reasons. One reason is that the phrase is commonly associated with material gain, as in business, rather than psychological gain.

It is true, of course, that the gain you obtain from a friendship is not the same as the gain you obtain from, say, getting a paycheck at your job; or selling your stock for a million dollars. If you engaged in the excuse that you enjoyed a ＂friend＂ for his personal qualities, when in fact you want to know him only for contacts or for money, then you would be guilty of a fraud. But it’s fraud and excuse which are wrong; not getting something out of a relationship which is wrong.

The other reason people don’t like to associate friendship with self-interest is the widely held, though false, belief that self-interest is wrong. Yet it isn’t. The burden of proof should be on people who claim that self-interest is wrong to prove their point; yet nobody can. It’s something which is just assumed. It’s taken as an obvious truth, like ＂the sky is blue＂. Yet, unlike ＂the sky is blue＂ (for which there is overwhelming evidence), there is no evidence at all to support the notion that gaining something from a friendship is wrong. As I just illustrated, it’s a premise(假定) which is completely not consistent with simple observation of everyday life.

Try to imagine being friends with someone whom you don’t like: someone who is humorless; someone who is lazy and inefficient, and a liar; someone who shrugs and walks away when you mention your mother just passed away. Should we tolerate such qualities in others in the name of selflessness? If you answered ＂yes＂, most would be ready to put you into a mental hospital for insanity; or, at a minimum, refer you to a psychotherapist for ＂self-esteem issues＂. Yet, in the abstract, many of us persist in claiming (along with Cicero) that ＂greed＂ and gain are completely at odds with friendship. In truth, we all gain from friendship. If we didn’t, there would be no point in having friends in the first place.

1.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A. A faithful friend is hard to find.

B. Without a friend, the world is a wilderness.

C. A hedge between keeps friendship green.

D. Friendship is selfish.

2.By the examples in Paragraph 2, the writer tries to convince us that       .

A. friends will surely come to our help when we are in trouble

B. we like our friends because we get something out of them

C. we cannot have too many friends

D. without friends our life will be difficult

3.The underlined word ＂sin＂ in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ＂       ＂.

A. fault          B. sense          C. reason        D. good

4.What makes people think getting something out of friends is wrong is that         .

A. it has something to do with psychological gain

B. it is just an excuse

C. it contradicts simple observation of everyday life

D. it is linked to self-interest

Answer

1.D

2.B

3.A

4.D

【解析】

1.主旨大意题。本文围绕＂友谊是自私的＂这一话题而展开，故选D。A faithful friend is hard to find.＂知音难觅＂；Without a friend, the world is a wilderness.＂没有朋友，世界成了一片荒野＂；A hedge between keeps friendship green.＂君子之交淡如水＂。

2.推理判断题。这些例子旨在表明朋友使我们的生活更好，即我们能从他们那儿得到一些东西。

3.词义猜测题。根据第三、四、五段内容可推知，画线词所在句的含义为＂这一事实没有过错＂。故选fault。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的＂The other reason people don’t like to associate friendship with self-interest is the widely held, though false, belief that self-interest is wrong.＂可知答案为D。