Question

It is like a scene from a horror film：a spider web is several meters wide，which is home to thousands of spiders.And that was what Jason G．Goldman，an animal behavior researcher，found along a muddy path in the Peruvian Amazon jungle—the web arched from tree to tree，a structure containing too many spiders to count.They appeared to function as a society，just like ants or bees.

Anelosimus eximius，the species Goldman met in the rainforest，is not the only kind of social spiders in the world，but it does construct the biggest webs.Some can reach more than 7.6m long and 1.5m wide.A web of that size could contain as many as 50,000 individual spiders.

Anelosimus eximius was first discovered more than a century ago by a French scientist named Eugene Simon.More social spiders have been discovered since.One was found as recently as 2006.

An Anelosimus eximius colony(群体) contains adult males and females as well as youngsters，but the majority of spiders on the web are females. Males account for only between 5% and 22% of any colony’s population.Social spiders work together to build，maintain and clean their webs.They work together to catch prey(猎物)，and dine together when they trap a large feast.The females work together to care for the young in the colony.They feed their youngsters by vomiting(吐出) up food for them，just like mother birds.

Why did these spiders become social？Researchers have discovered three ecological(生态的) elements that often lead to cooperative(合作的) living among spiders.

Social spiders tend to feed on bigger prey，for one thing.Spiders living in places where it is difficult to hunt large or more profitable prey alone may eventually figure out that it is in their interest to work together.

1.What can we know about Anelosimus eximius from the text?

A. Its latest branch was found in 2006.

B. It was discovered by Jason G．Goldman.

C. It has been in existence for less than a century.

D. It builds bigger webs than other kinds of spiders.

2.Which of the following correctly shows the parts of an Anelosimus eximius colony?

A.     B.

C.     D.

3.What’s the main feature of social spiders?

A. They live on big prey.

B. They care for the young.

C. They live and work together.

D. They mainly exist in the rainforest.

4.The following paragraph would discuss           .

A. new threats to spiders’ colonies

B. new research on spiders’ colonies

C. more reasons for spiders’ cooperative living

D. more species of social spiders in the world

Answer

1.D

2.A

3.C

4.C

【解析】本文介绍研究人员对蜘蛛的研究发现。

1.D

细节理解题。根据第二段首句“...it does construct the biggest webs.”可知，Anelosimus eximius这种蜘蛛可以编织最大的蜘蛛网。故选D。

2.A

细节理解题。由第四段的前两句可知，在Anelosimus eximius这种蜘蛛群体中，大多数是雌蛛，雄蛛只占5%到22%。故选A。

3.C

细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Social spiders work together to build，maintain and clean their webs.”可知，群居蜘蛛在一起工作；再根据倒数第二段最后一句“...lead to cooperative(合作的)living among spiders.”可知，群居蜘蛛是一起生活的。

4.C

推理判断题。倒数第二段提出问题：为什么Anelosimus eximius这种蜘蛛会有群居性？研究人员发现有三个生态因素，最后一段介绍了第一个原因，由此可推知文章接下来会介绍另外两点，故选C。

【名师点睛】

在做推理判断题时，通过语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的弦外之音。
根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。比如本题第4小题，推理判断题。倒数第二段提出问题：为什么Anelosimus eximius这种蜘蛛会有群居性？研究人员发现有三个生态因素，最后一段介绍了第一个原因，由此可推知文章接下来会介绍另外两点，故选C。