考古工作者在河南辉县琉璃阁发掘了一座春秋时期的诸侯墓，出土了只有周天子才能使用的九鼎。这反映了
A．宗法制度的瓦解 B．分封制度的崩溃
C．等级制度的颠覆 D．礼乐制度的破坏
Students in China spend a lot of time learning English. But most of them cannot use it to communicate. Some experts think the reason lies in the testing system, because the current English testing system in China puts too much pressure on students to get high marks and pay no attention to the development of their overall(全面的) language abilities. Considering this, recently many experts are calling for reforms(改革) of the English language testing system to make it more effectively to develop actual language abilities. They say changes are necessary for the development of the national English education system.
写作要求：
1.用30个词左右概括上述话题的主要内容；
2.用约100个词就这一话题发表自己的看法，并包括如下要点：
(1)你是否赞成英语考试的改革。
(2)你赞同或反对的理由（至少两条）。
(3)对“How to develop overall language abilities”谈谈你的看法。
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1.采取任何你认为最好的措施。(whatever)
2.昨晚汤姆到家的时候，母亲已经做好了晚饭。(by+时间状语)
3.据说这本书已被翻译成六种语言。(主语+be said to do)
4.我受够了你的蠢主意。
5.晚会结果开得很成功。
(1)When Polly left her home that morning, she was told that the fog was too thick for the bus to go 1. far. She had to take the Underground to Green Park. On the trains as Polly 2. the passengers, she felt being watched by a tall man in a dark cover coat. On the way towards Park Street, she heard the sound of foot steps 3. and a rough hand brushed her check and she was frightened. Later, an old man 4. out his hand and led her through the fog. She was very 5. to the old man.
(2) Finally, we arrived in Loulan after several days of travelling. This 6. city was busy and 7. about 2,000 years ago. It was a 8. point on the famous silk Road between the East and the West. It’s 9. to have been gradually 10. over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400. I am so excited to be here!
The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. Chinese words are formed by putting together different characters. In many cases, a single character can also make up a word. The history of the Chinese language can be examined by looking at how these characters developed.
Chinese writing began thousands of years ago. According to an ancient story, a man named Cang Jie invented Chinese writing. One winter day while he was hunting, he saw the tracks of animals in the snow and observed that the appearance of each one was different. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. The first Chinese characters were drawings of physical objects. Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time. However, as a whole the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.
Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. Other characters were developed for directions and numbers. It is easy to distinguish their meanings by looking at them.
Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced. Therefore, a method was developed to have one part of a character indicate the meaning and the other suggest the pronunciation. Many Chinese characters used today were made this way.
In the 1950s the Chinese government introduced simplified Chinese characters and now they have widespread use in China’s mainland.
Brief 1. | The Chinese language is 2. from western language because it uses characters to 3. ideas, objects or deeds. |
The origins of Chinese characters | An idea 4.to Cangjie after he observed the tracks of animals 5. appearance differed from each other in the snow. |
The 6. of Chinese characters | ·As a whole, the characters developed from drawing into standard forms. ·Some characters were made by comining two or more characters together, whose meanings are easy to 7.. ·Many Chinese characters consists of two parts, one 8. the meaning and the other suggesting the pronunciation. ·Now, Chinese characters have become much 9. and been used in china’s mainland 10.. |
In 1929, a peasant in Sichuan Province uncovered jade (玉器) and stone artifacts(手工艺品) while repairing a ditch(沟渠) located about 24 miles from Chengdu. But their significance wasn’t understood until 1986, when archaeologists unearthed two pits(大坑) of Bronze Age treasures. The discovery suggests an impressive technicality(手工技艺), said Peter Keller, a geologist and president of the Bowers Museum in California, which is currently hosting an exhibit of some of these treasures.
The treasures came from a lost civilization, now known as the Sanxingdui, a city on the banks of the Minjiang River.
“It’s a big mystery,” said Keller, who is not involved in the current study.
“Archaeologists now believe that the culture disappeared sometime between 3,000 and 2,800 years ago,” Niannian fan, a river science researcher at Tsinghua University in Chengdu, China, said.
“The current explanations for why it disappeared are war and flood, but both are not very convincing,” Fan told Live Science.
But about 14 years ago, archaeologists found the remains of another ancient city called Jinsha near Chengdu. The Jinsha site, though it contained none of the bronzes of Sanxingdui, did have a gold crown covered with fish, arrows and birds similar to golden objects found at Sanxingdui. That has led some scholars to believe that the people from Sanxingdui may have relocated to Jinsha.
Fan wondered whether an earthquake may have caused landslides that dammed the river high up in the mountains and rerouted it to Jinsha. That catastrophe may have reduced Sanxingdui’s water supply, spurring its people to move.
And some historical records support their assumptions. In 1099 B.C., ancient writers recorded an earthquake in the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, in Shanxi Province, Fan said. Though that spot is roughly 250 miles from the historic site of Sanxingdui, the latter culture didn’t have writing at the time. So it’s possible the earthquake epicenter(震中) was actually close to Sanxingdui－but it just wasn’t recorded there.
Around the same time, geological sediment(沉积物) suggest massive flooding occurred, and the later-han Dynasty document The Chronicles of the Kings of Shu records ancient floods pouring from a mountain in a spot that suggests the flow being rerouted, Fan said.
Together, the findings hint that major earthquake triggered a landslide that dammed the river, rerouting its flow and reducing water flow to Sanxingdui, Fan said.
1.In the first paragraph, the author wants to _____.
A. introduce the topic of a lost civilization
B. tel us how beautiful the jade and stone artifacts look
C. remind us to pay attention to the earthquake
D. inform us we can easily find treasures in a ditch
2.According to the passage, the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.
A. Bowers Museum is exhibiting some of Bronze Age treasures
B. Peter Keller is the lead researcher on the study of Sanxingdui
C. some scholars think that the people from Sanxingdui may have moved to Jinsha
D. some findings support the idea that an earthquake caused a landslide, which dammed the river, rerouting its flow and reducing water flow to Sanxingdui
3.Which of the following is the most probable explanation of mystery of the disappearance of Sanxingdui’s civilization?
A. War. B. Flood.
C. Earthquake. D. Hurricane.
4.Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “spurring” in the seventh paragraph?
A. Forcing. B. Allowing.
C. Supporting. D. Favoring.
5.What type of writing is this passage?
A. Science fiction. B. An official document.
C. A newspaper report. D. A research report.
