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From self-driving cars to deep sea explo...

From self-driving cars to deep sea explorers, more and more of humans’ tasks are being taken over by robots. But technology doesn’t stop there. In mid-August, reported the BBC, scientists from Cambridge University developed a robotic system that meant a robot could “build other robots, each one better than the previous(以前的) generation”.

The BBC noted that “those concerned about machines taking over the world shouldn’t worry”.

However, over 1,000 scientists and numerous artificial intelligence (AI, 人工智能) researchers-including UK astrophysicist Stephen Hawking and Apple cofounder Steve Wozniak of the US-brought the danger of fully autonomous weapons(自主武器), known as “killer robots”, to our attention earlier this summer.

“If any major military(军事的) power pushes ahead with AI weapon development, a global arms race is inevitable(不可避免的),” warned an open letter released at the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence held in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Unlike drones(无人机), which need a human hand, this kind of robot would have some decision-making abilities and the ability to act by itself. While what the BBC called these “solders that never sleep” could help reduce battlefield deaths, they might also make countries more likely to go into battle, which would lead to more deaths overall, noted the scientists. The risks, they said, could be far greater than those posed by nuclear weapons.

Scientists called for a “ban on offensive(攻击性的) autonomous weapons beyond meaningful human control”, reported The Huffington Post.

In fact, in an interview with the BBC in 2014, Hawking warned that the “development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race”.

And according to the BBC, many leading thinkers have been thinking about the AI-powered killing machine of the not-too-distant future. “Killer robots could be here within years, not decades,” as Stuart Russell, professor of computer science at UC Berkeley, US, put it.

Authorities are gradually waking up to the risk of robot wars. Last May, for the first time, the United Nations brought governments together to begin talks on so-called killer robots in a hope of stopping such weapons while there is still time.

Meanwhile, there are scientists who are less worried. They believe all technologies have potential(潜力) for being used for good and evil ends, and argue that the ban called for by the open letter could close the door to developing AI technology that could save lives. “Technology can clearly do better than human beings in many cases,” Ronald Arkin, dean at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, US, told The Christian Science Monitor. “If we are willing to turn over some of our decision making to these machines, we may actually get better outcomes.”

1.What does Steve Wozniak think the future robot technology might produce?

A. Artificial Intelligence.    B. Autonomous weapons.

C. Soldiers that never sleep.    D. Killing machines.

2.The underlined word “spell” in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to “______”.

A. cause    B. prevent

C. reach    D. change

3.What does Stuart Russell mean by saying “killer robots could be here within years, not decades.”?

A. Killer robots will visit UC Berkeley, US sooner than expected.

B. Killer robots will be produced and used sooner than expected.

C. Killer robots will speed up the development of AI in the near future.

D. Killer robots will kill these scientists in the near future.

4.What is the main idea of the text?

A. More and more of humans’ tasks are being taken over by robots.

B. Robots have decision-making abilities and the ability to act by itself.

C. Scientists called for a ban on the development of robot technology.

D. All technologies have potential for being used for good and evil ends.

 

1.D 2.A 3.B 4.C 【解析】本文主要讨论的是先进的机器人技术对人类有着很大的威胁,因此科学家呼吁对机器人技术的发展设置禁令。 1.D 细节理解题。根据第三段the danger of fully autonomous weapons(自主武器), known as “killer robots”可知,Steve Wozniak认为未来机器人技术可能生产出“杀人机器”。故选D. 2.A 词意猜测题。因为本文主要讨论的是先进的机器人技术对人类有着很大的威胁,可知句意:事实上,在一个对2014英国广播公司的采访中,霍金警告说,全人工智能的发展可能会引起人类的终结”。所以猜测出划线词spell是“引起”的意思。故选A. 3.B 推理判断题。根据下文Authorities are gradually waking up to the risk of robot wars. (当局正在逐渐意识到机器人大战的风险。),可知Stuart Russell通过说“杀手机器人可能在几年之内,不是几十年,就会出现。”是想告诉我们杀手机器人的生产和使用要比我们期待的要快。故选B. 4.C 主旨大意题。本文主要讨论的是先进的机器人技术对人类有着很大的威胁,因此科学家呼吁对机器人技术的发展设置禁令。故选C. 【名师点睛】 抓住文章主线和关键词语,归纳文章中心 要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句,有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章,就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析,概括出段落的主题,从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是:先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容,这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系,然后加以归纳形成主题。例如第4小题主旨大意题。本文主要讨论的是先进的机器人技术对人类有着很大的威胁,因此科学家呼吁对机器人技术的发展设置禁令。本题就是要通过全文,弄清每一段主旨,最后加以归纳形成主题。故选C.
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Restaurants in Miami Beach

Steve’s Pizza

So many pizza chains compete for the attention of tourists in South Beach, but ask a Miami Beach local where to get the best pizza and they’ll tell you about Steve’s. This is New York style pizza, handmade with care and good ingredients(成分). New branches of Steve’s Pizza are opening elsewhere in Miami, all in non-tourist areas.

Opening hours: 11 a.m.-10a.m.

Cattleman’s Steakhouse

This place is 20 miles east of the city, but local folks would probably drive 200 miles to eat here. The food is good, and the scenery is even better. Come early and wander around the grounds of Indian Cliffs Ranch, where you’ll see everything from rabbits to buffalo (水牛), then catch the sunset either before or after your meal.

Opening hours: 5p.m.-10p.m.

Absolute Baking & Café

The screen door is always swinging open at this town hot spot with giant breakfasts. Try the green chili on eggs – it’s made from scratch, as are the organic(有机的) breads. Lunch includes salads, big sandwiches and local grass-fed beef burgers. Don’t miss a square of soft, fresh carrot cake.

Opening hours: 7a.m.-2p.m.

Walt’s Wharf

Everybody’s favorite for fresh fish (some drive in from LA). Walt’s packs them in on weekends. You can’t make reservations for dinner (though they’re accepted for lunch), but it’s worth the wait for the tree fire–grilled seafood and steaks in the many-windowed ground floor or upstairs in captain’s chairs.

Opening hours: 11a.m.-10:30p.m.

1.The new branches of Steve’s Pizza are mainly intended for ______.

A. New Yorkers    B. tourists

C. the locals    D. foreigners

2.Cattleman’s Steakhouse offers the wonderful ______ as well as good food.

A. wine    B. view

C. discount    D. service

 

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My sister-in-law, Sharon, recently had a good year for tomatoes. She and her family had _______ and canned so many that they’d begun to feel their skin turn slightly _______. That’s when she decided it was time to share her blessings(福气). She started calling everyone she knew. When that _______, she began asking everyone in the neighborhood like a _______, eventually finding a neighbor delighted to have the tomatoes. “Feel free to take _______ you want,” Sharon told her. Later that day, Sharon found that her garden had indeed been _______. She felt happy that she could help someone and that the food didn’t go to _______.

A few days later, Sharon _______ the door. There was the neighbor, holding a hot loaf(条) of some kind of sweet bread. The neighbor smiled pleasantly: “I wanted to thank you for all of the tomatoes, and I have to _______ that I took a few other things and hoped you wouldn’t mind.”

Sharon couldn’t think of ________ else in her garden that had been worth harvesting and said so. “Oh, but you ________,” the neighbor said. “You had some of the prettiest zucchini(西葫芦) I’ve ________ seen.”

Sharon was ________. Zucchini in her garden? They hadn’t even planted any zucchini. But her neighbor ________ that there really were bright-green zucchini in Sharon’s garden. Sharon’s curiosity ________ the better of her and she had to go see where the zucchini had grown. The two of them walked together into the backyard. When the neighbor pointed at the long green ________, Sharon smiled. “Well, ________, those are cucumbers that we never harvested, because they got too big, soft and bitter for eating or canning.”

The neighbor looked at Sharon, ________ written all over her face. She gulped(大口吸气) a few times, and then, smiling, ________ out the bread, part of a batch(批) she had shared all over the neighborhood. “I brought you a nice loaf of ________ bread. I hope you like it.”

1.A. bought    B. grown    C. eaten    D. sold

2.A. red    B. yellow    C. dark    D. pale

3.A. worked    B. happened    C. stopped    D. failed

4.A. housewife    B. politician    C. friend    D. farmer

5.A. whichever    B. whatever    C. wherever    D. whenever

6.A. harvested    B. stolen    C. damaged    D. cleared

7.A. shop    B. factory    C. waste    D. soil

8.A. closed    B. repaired    C. left    D. answered

9.A. expect    B. suggest    C. require    D. admit

10.A. nothing    B. anything    C. something    D. everything

11.A. could    B. did    C. should    D. do

12.A. ever    B. never    C. always    D. seldom

13.A. embarrassed    B. pleased    C. confused    D. satisfied

14.A. apologized    B. demanded    C. replied    D. insisted

15.A. took    B. made    C. got    D. kept

16.A. flowers    B. vegetables    C. fields    D. gardens

17.A. obviously    B. actually    C. naturally    D. separately

18.A. shock    B. delight    C. excitement    D. fright

19.A. gave    B. pulled    C. pointed    D. held

20.A. tomato    B. zucchini    C. cucumber    D. vegetable

 

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-Would you mind me opening the window, sir?

-_______. I’m feeling a bit chilly.

A. By all means    B. Not in the least

C. I’m afraid not    D. I’d rather you didn’t

 

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I consider _______ an honour to be allowed to view this artist’s private art collection.

A. that    B. what

C. it    D. this

 

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We can’t always _______ the traditions handed down to us from the past.

A. grasp    B. replace

C. ruin    D. observe

 

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