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Before discussing different kinds of emo...

Before discussing different kinds of emotions,let us briefly talk about how researchers measure bodily processes and action or behavior,and how this relates to what we do in our daily lives when we observe emotions in others.

Bodily processes can be directly measured by means of a polygraph.When a polygraph is skillfully used to compare how we react bodily with what we are saying,it is called a “lie detector”.Bodily processes can also be measured indirectly.This is what we do when we observe someone blushing (脸红).However,we are not always aware of what bodily processes respond to.

Measuring action or behavior is the other way researchers assess the emotions.For example,one measure of fear of snakes is how close a person will go to the snake.Another procedure is to have a person tell how afraid he is,or how he feels.In this way,researchers have developed the so-called “fear thermometer” to assess a person's fear.In our everyday living,we do very much the same thing.Only not too systematically,we react to what a person does, what he says,how he says it,and how he looks.Is he smiling? Is his voice trembling? We put all this observations together to infer what a person is feeling.

However,we do not always act as we feel.Sometimes we do things that we don't feel like doing.Sometimes we say we feel one way and then we act another.Actors,for example,successfully learn to “make believe” emotions,or learn to hide them.Thus we cannot always tell what a person is feeling by what he says or by what he does.

1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. We can never tell what a person is feeling.

B. The “fear thermometer” is a way to measure how fearful a person is.

C. Researchers can assess the emotions in some ways.

D. People do not always know what bodily processes they respond to.

2.The underlined word “assess” in the 3rd paragraph is close in meaning to ______.

A. make    B. measure

C. discuss    D. develop

3.The writer uses the example of actors in order to argue that ______.

A. it is rather easy to become successful actors

B. people do not always act as they feel

C. we can never believe what other people say

D. actors are always telling lies

4.The passage is mainly about ______.

A. the way of assessing the emotion

B. the usefulness of a “lie detector”

C. the functioning of different emotions

D. the development of the “fear thermometer”

 

1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 【解析】本文是一篇议论说明文,作者围绕人的情绪、行为和反应进行讨论,引出如何评估人们情绪的议题,通过举例说明人的情绪可以由行为和反应表露出来,同时也说明有掩饰情绪而故作行为的现象,仔细理解作者的观点可顺利解题。 1.细节理解题,根据文章第三段介绍研究人员通过人们的反应和行为来评估人们的情绪,分别通过人们靠近蛇的行为以及人们谈及蛇的反应来测试对蛇的恐惧,由“In this way,researchers have developed the so-called “fear thermometer” to assess a person's fear.”可知“fear thermometer”是一种测试恐惧程度的方法,B说法正确。同时可知研究人员可以通过反应和行为来评估人们情绪,C说法正确。根据文章最后一段,我们的行为和我们的感觉并不总是一致,D说法正确。故选A。 2.词义辨析题,划线词“assess”意为“评估,评测”,选项中“measure”意为“估量”与此意思最为接近,并且据第三段下文内容可知,该段在介绍如何用人们的反应和行为来推测情绪,可根据推理选出合理选项,故选B。 3.细节理解题,根据文中最后一段,作者为了说明人的行为与内心的真实情绪不总是一致,从而以演员举例来说明演员能够做到“假装使自己相信”或者“隐藏情绪”,故选B。 4.主旨大意题,阅读全文,作者开篇便引出人的行为、反应和情绪之间的关系,接着便论证说明评估人的情绪需要通过人的行为和反应来推测,纵观选项只有A选项“the way of assessing the emotion”概括全文,其他均非文章议题,故选A。
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