Question

French surgeons have performed what they said on Wednesday was the world's first partial face transplant（移植）--- giving a new nose, chin and lips to a woman attacked by a dog.

Specialists from two French hospitals carried out the operation on a 38-year-old woman on Sunday in the northern city of Amiens by taking the face from a brain-dead woman, who had hanged herself just hours before the operation. Her family agreed on the operation.

“The patient is in an excellent state and the transplant looks normal,” the hospitals said in a brief statement after waiting three days to announce the pioneering surgery.

The woman had been left without a nose and lips after the dog attacked her last May, and was unable to talk or chew properly. Such injuries are “extremely difficult, if not impossible” to repair using normal surgical techniques, the statement said.

The statement did not say what the woman would look like when she had fully recovered, but medical experts said she was unlikely to resemble the woman who had been the source of her new face.

The operation was led by Jean-Michel Dubernard, a specialist from a hospital in Lyon who has also carried out hand transplants.

Skin transplants have long been used to treat burns and other injuries, but operations around the mouth and nose have been considered very difficult because of the area's high sensitivity（敏感） to foreign tissue.

Teams in France, the United States and Britain had been developing techniques to make face transplants a reality

There was a short-term risk for the patient if blood vessels became blocked, a medium-term danger of her body rejecting the new skin and a long-term possibility that the drugs used could cause cancers.

Experts say that although such medical advances should be celebrated, the transplant had thrown up moral（道德的）and ethical(伦理的)issues. Little is known about the psychological effect of thee transplant.

1.The best title for the passage would be ________.

A. French Woman has First Partial Face Transplant

B. First Face Transplant Opens Debate

C. Risks and Ethical Problems of a Face Transplant

D. A Complete Face Transplant of a French Woman

2.Why did the woman need such an operation?

A. Her face had been bitten by a dog

B. Her face had been burnt in a fire.

C. She was born especially ugly

D. She wanted to test such an operation.

3.What can we learn about the operation?

A. The woman had used the dead woman' s whole face.

B. There has arisen（引起） a debate about the operation.

C. The woman will suffer from psychological damage soon.

D. Such transplants have been performed by doctors.

4.Which of the following is NOT one of the risks of the operation?

A. Block of blood vessels.    B. Organ rejection

C. Heart damage.    D. Side effect of the drugs

Answer

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.C

【解析】文章主要讲述了法国外科医生为一名女士做的面部移植手术的事情。

1.标题题。根据文章首段以及全篇内容可知文章主要介绍了法国外科医生为一名女士做的面部移植手术的事情，所以A符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据第一段giving a new nose, chin and lips to a woman attacked by a dog.以及第四段The woman had been left without a nose and lips after the dog attacked her last May, and was unable to talk or chew properly.可知这位女士需要手术的原因是她的面部被狗咬了。

3.细节理解题。根据最后一段Experts say that although such medical advances should be celebrated, the transplant had thrown up moral（道德的）and ethical(伦理的)issues.可知人们对于这种手术有争议。

4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段There was a short-term risk for the patient if blood vessels became blocked,（A） a medium-term danger of her body rejecting the new skin（B） and a long-term possibility that the drugs used could cause cancers.（D），所以可以排除C项。

名师点睛：

文章主题和中心思想的阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。命题人往往会要求考生根据不同的要求阅读文章，以获得某些特定的信息，或准确地寻求所需的细节，并对细节进行直接或间接辨认和理解。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。

细节理解题。此题的第三小题属于细节理解题。根据题目要求属于（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。我们首先根据最后一段Experts say that although such medical advances should be celebrated, the transplant had thrown up moral（道德的）and ethical(伦理的)issues.可知人们对于这种手术有争议。而根据文章第五段The operation was led by Jean-Michel Dubernard, a specialist from a hospital in Lyon who has also carried out hand transplants.（D错误）根据第一段giving a new nose, chin and lips to a woman attacked by a dog.（A错误）根据文章最后一句话可知B错误。