Question

A 2 billion year old Martian (火星的rock appeals to have at our time been full of water from the surface of the Red Planet.

“Here we have a piece of Mars that I can hold in my hands. That’s really exciting,” Carl Agee, director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico, told the Associated Press.

Agee led a team of scientists who published their report on the newly discovered meteorite （陨石），nicknamed Black Beauly, The rock is estimated to have contained 6,000 parts per million water? and scientists believe it likely interacted with water at a time when most of the planet’s surface was believed to have been arid.

The baseball-size rock was discovered in the Sahara, and scientists say it contains more evidence of water than any of the other known Martian rock samples.

“It’s fairly fresh. It hasn’t been subjected to a whole lot of weathering (风化作用），” University of Alberta meteorite expert Chris Herd told the AP.

Billions of years ago an eruption on the surface of Mars, likely caused by a volcano or planet collision, sent the rock into space, where it eventually made the journey to Earth, Agee and his team said the sample is “strikingly similar to the volcanic rocks examined by the NASA rovers Spirit and Opportunity on the Martian surface.”

Over the years, scientists have collected more than 60 Martian rock samples, with most being discovered in the Sahara and Antarctica. The new sample is much older than most of the other specimens, which are about 600 million years old or younger. The oldest known sample is an estimated 4.5 billion years old.

1.The underlined word “it”in Paragraph 3 refers to “           ”.

A. Mara    B. the Red Planet

C. Black Beauty    D. the report

2.Where was the meteorite found?

A. In the Sahara.    B. In Antarctica.

C. In Mars.    D. In America.

3.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Black Beauty has the size of a baseball.

B. Blank Beauty contains the most evidence of water among the known Martian rock samples.

C. An eruption on the surface of Mars sent the rock into Earth directly.

D. Black Beauty is not the oldest known sample.

4.Where can we most probably read this text?

A. In a personal diary.    B. In a science report.

C. In a travel magazine.    D. In a geography textbook.

Answer

1.C

2.A

3.C

4.B

【解析】本文是一篇科学研究类文章，讲述了在撒哈拉沙漠发现的火星陨石，被称之为“NWA 7034”，昵称“黑美人”。这颗火星陨石的年代可追溯到21亿年前，含有大量水。

1.考查词义猜测。根据划线词前Agee led a team of scientists who published their report on the newly discovered meteorite （陨石），nicknamed Black Beauty, The rock is estimated to have contained 6,000 parts per million water?，可以得知这块陨石的绰号是Black Beauty。故选C。

2.考查细节理解。根据第四段The baseball-size rock was discovered in the Sahara,可以得知这块棒球大小的陨石是在撒哈拉被发现的。故选A。

3.考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段Billions of years ago an eruption on the surface of Mars, likely caused by a volcano or planet collision, sent the rock into space, where it eventually made the journey to Earth,，可以得知几百万年前，火星表面的爆炸使碎石飘向太空，最终到达地球，并不是直接到达地球。故选C。

4.考查推理判断。根据文章大意可以推断出，本文节选自科学报告。故选B。

【名师点睛】文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。属于浅层次的阅读试题，分数比例较少。（2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上从分运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另类表达。属于中档难度题，分数比例较大。（3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。属于较高难度的事实细节题。（4）是非辨别型。这是一类综合事实细节题，出题形式常常是“三正一误”(三项正确，只有一项不符合原文内容)或“三误一正”（三项错误，只有一项符合原文内容)。（5）事实排序型。这是一类运用多项事实进行排序的事实细节题，要求根据动作发生的先后顺序、时间顺序或者句子之间的逻辑关系，找出时间发生，发展的正确顺序。

例如：第一篇文章中的第2小题属于细节理解中的（一一对应型），与题目相关的原文是Many of the animals will also entertain you in some water shows. It may be the best all-round theme park on the Gold Coast.Contact Information:Phone: [phone]. 题目是If you want to watch water show of animals, you should dial 间接对应了选项B中“. 0755882222.对原文句子的转述表达.

第二篇文章的第1小题，属于文章细节理解中的（4)类是非辨别型，“三误一正”，需要学生综合辨别排除，根据文中第二段老太太的话语 “Not so good. My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, l don't know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”得知丈夫刚失业，儿子又老耍花招，都不知道这个家该如何度过这个节日。可以推断出老太太的家里正在度过一段艰难的时期。根据文中第三段： Then she gave the cashier food stamps 可知，老太太自己出示食品券，故排除B.根据文中第二段my son is up to his old tricks again.可知，老太太一家并非依靠儿子生活，故排除C, 根据文中第四段： My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. 可知，作者不知道的是如何帮助老太太 ，故排除D.故选A.