Question

You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?

Jane Addams(1860-1935)

Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

Rachel Carson(1907-1964)

If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.

Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)

When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.

1.What is Jane Addams noted for in history?

A. Her social work.

B. Her teaching skills.

C. Her efforts to win a prize.

D. Her community background.

2.Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?

A. Jane Addams.    B. Rachel Carson.

C. Sandra Day O’Connor.    D. Rosa Park.

3.What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?

A. They are highly educated.    B. They are truly creative.

C. They are pioneers.    D. They are peace-lovers.

Answer

1.A

2.D

3.C

【解析】文章介绍了四位伟大的女性：Jane Addams, Rachel Carson, Sandra Day O’Connor, Rosa Parks的具体贡献及影响。

1.A

细节理解题。根据Jane Addams部分的Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.可知Jane Addams在历史上主要以她的社会工作而出名，贡献A.

2.D

细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks部分的It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.可知Rosa Parks因在公交车上拒绝为白人让座而拉开了民权运动的序幕，所以她对美国民权运动做出了很大贡献，贡献D.

3.C

推理判断题。根据文章内容可知Jane Addams是第一个获诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性；Rachel Carson的作品Silent Spring 提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和环境的危害性的认识；Sandra Day O’Connor是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官；Rosa Parks的行为拉开了民权运动的序幕；她们都是先锋者，故选C.

【名师点睛】

推理判断题的解题方法：

推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

本文涉及到的是根据文意推测文章的观点或结论。如小题3根据In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.可知Jane Addams是第一个获诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性；Rachel Carson的作品Silent Spring 提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和环境的危害性的认识；根据in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court.可知Sandra Day O’Connor是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官；根据It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. 可知Rosa Parks的行为拉开了民权运动的序幕；由四个人的贡献可知她们都是各领域先锋者，都是pioneers.