Question

There was a gardener who looked after his garden with great care .To water his flowers, he used two buckets(水桶) .One was a shiny and new bucket. The other was a very old anddilapidatedone，which had seen many years of service, but was now past its best.

Every morning, the gardener would fill up the two buckets. Then he would carry them along the path, one on each side, to the flowerbeds. The new bucket was very proud of itself. It could carry a full bucket of water without a single drop spilled (溢出). The old bucket felt very ashamed because of its holes: before it reached the flowerbeds, much water had leaked (漏出) along the path.

Sometimes the new bucket would say,“ See how capable I am ! How good it is that the gardener has me to water the flowers every day! I don't know why he still bothers with you. What a waste of space you are!”

And all that the old bucket could say was. “ I know I am not very useful, but I can only do my best. I am happy that the gardener still finds a little bit of use in me, at least.”

One day, the gardener heard that kind of conversation .After watering the flowers as usual, he said , “You both have done your work very well .Now I am going to carry you back .I want you to look carefully along the path.”

Then the two buckets did so. All along the path, they noticed, on the side where the new bucket was carried, there was just bare（光秃秃的）earth; on the other side where the old bucket was carried, there was a joyous row of wild flowers, leading all the way to the garden.

1.What was the old bucket ashamed of?

A. His past.    B. His aging.

C. His manner.    D. His leaking.

2.What does the underlined word “dilapidated” probably mean?

A. dirty    B. dark

C. worn-out    D. ordinary-looking.

3.The new bucket made conversations with the old one mainly to _________.

A. take pity on the old one

B. laugh at the old one

C. show off its beautiful looks

D. praise the gardener’s kindness

4.Why was the old bucket still kept by the gardener?

A. Because it was used to keep a balance

B. Because it stayed in its best condition

C. Because it had its own function

D. Because it was taken as a treasure

Answer

1.D

2.C

3.B

4.C

【解析】试题分析：花匠有两只水桶，一只新水桶不会漏水，另外一个旧桶上面有洞，在路上一直漏个不停。但是它们都有自己的作用。

1.

2.

3.

4.

【名师点睛】

做推理判断题要注意两点:一是推理，二是判断，而且两者密不可分。推理是为了判断，判断依赖于推理。推理判断题要求学生根据原文，经过推理，进行判断，从而得出结论，所以推理判断题的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理时务必要忠实于原文，在文章中寻找可推论的依据，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。下面结合2011年各省市的中考题，就考试中常用的四种推理方法进行一一说明。

1. 抓住特定关键信息进行正向或逆向推理

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

2.利用作者的思想感情进行推断

作者在写作时，自然而然会渗透自己的喜怒哀乐。通过一些表达感情色彩或思想倾向的措辞，领会作者的思想感情，一些考查观点态度的题目就迎刃而解了。

3.根据上下文的逻辑关系得出结论

不同的文章有不同的写作方法和文章结构。但是，在任何一篇文章中，段与段之间、句与句之间都存在着某种逻辑关系。抓住了这种逻辑关系，也就把握住了作者的写作思路和写作意图。

4.结合常识进行推断

有些文章，如科普类说明文、记叙类时政要闻等文体具有一定的背景知识。因此解答此类文章的题目，除了把握相关文段的细节外，还应注意充分运用自己的常识，结合题目去分析推理。

以上分别从四个方面讲解了如何对文章隐含信息进行推理判断，但有时候题目的设计不一定这么层次分明，需要同时从不同角度对文章的信息进行综合分析、推理和判断。例如方法三中的例子，需要综合考虑上下文逻辑关系以及文章的感情色彩，才能做出正确的判断。因此，在阅读的过程中，需要考生在熟练掌握的基础上灵活运用这些方法。

考点：考查记叙文阅读